Porcelain
It is also known as engineering, advanced
or special ceramics.
It includes tiles used in space shuttles, missile
nose cones, ceramic disk brakes etc.
It can be classified into three material
categories.
Oxides- alumina, beryllia, ceria, zirconia
Non-oxides- carbide, bioride, nitride, silicide
Composite material- combination of oxides
and non-oxides.
Crystalline ceramics
Non-crystalline ceramics
These are not amenable to a great
range of processing.
Methods for dealing with them tend to
fall into one of two categories-
Either make the desired shape by
reaction in situ, or
by forming powders into the desired
shape, and then sintering to form a solid
body.
Ceramic forming techniques include
shaping by hand, slip casting, tape
casting etc.
Crystalline Ceramic
Non-crystalline ceramics, being glass
tend to be formed from melts.The glass is
shaped when in a state of toffee like
viscosity.
Methods like blowing into a mould is
used.
Later heat treatments cause this glass to
become partly crystalline and this
material is know as glass ceramic whhich
is widely used for cooktops.
Ceramic Cooking Pot
Clay products employed in building
industry.
1.TERRA COTTA
TERRACOTTA
a type of earthenware , is a clay-based unglazed or
glazed ceramic, where the fired body is porous.
Its uses include vessels (notably flower pots), water
and waste water pipes, bricks, and surface
embellishment in building construction, along with
sculpture such as the Terracotta Army and Greek
terracotta figurines.
The term is also used to refer to items made out of this
material and to its natural, brownish orange color,
which varies
Terracotta designs outside
the Kantajew Temple,
Dinajpur, Bangladesh
Characteristics of Terra cotta
- Fired clay
- Usually low-fired
- Fireproof
- Strong
Types of Terra cotta:
- Sculpture
1. Roof tiles
2. Floor tiles
3. Pebble tiles
4. Ceiling tiles
5. Wall tiles
Roofing Tiles:
Roof tiles are designed mainly to keep
out rain, and are traditionally made from
locally available materials such as clay
or slate.
Flat tiles - the simplest type, which are
laid in regular overlapping
Flooring tiles:
These are commonly made of ceramic or stone.
Recent technological advances have
resulted in rubber or glass tiles for floors as well.
Pebble tiles:
Pebble Tiles is a composite material made
up of marble pebbles or pieces of natural
stone in different sizes, bound together with
a transparent white or colored resin.
Ceiling tiles
Ceiling tiles are type of tiles used for covering ceilings
of rooms.
Suspended ceilings
Acoustic Ceilings
Decorative Ceiling Tile
Wall Tiles:
The concept behind using wall tiles is decorating
the interior of a home without adding much stuff
to the home.
USES OF TILE
Uses:
Here are some places around the home
that can benefit from tile applications.
COUNTER
BATHROOM
BACKSPLASH
FLOORING
WALL ACCENTS
EXTERIOR
COUNTER
Ceramic tile is among the most common materials for
kitchen countertops.
Because it's hard and water-resistant, it holds up
extremely well to the moist and often humid
environment of the kitchen.
BATHROOM:
Forming
Glazing
Decoration
Firing
A brick is a block or a single unit of a kneaded
clay-bearing soil, sand and lime, or concrete
material, fire hardened or air dried, used
inmasonry construction
Fired bricks are burned in a kiln which makes
them durable. Modern, fired, clay bricks are
formed in one of three processes – soft mud, dry
press, or extruded.
Normally, brick contains the following
ingredients:[16]
Silica (sand) – 50% to 60% by weight
Alumina (clay) – 20% to 30% by weight
Lime – 2 to 5% by weight
Iron oxide – ≤ 7% by weight
Magnesia – less than 1% by weight
materials
The main raw materials used in this process of making the tiles are:
1. clay minerals mined from the earth's crust
2. natural minerals such as feldspar that are used to lower the firing
temperature
3. chemical additives required for the shaping process.