Assgn Orem's Theory

Course:
THEORETICAL BASIS OF
PROFESSIONAL NURSING.
Course Code: BOPN317
Topic: DOROTHEA OREM’S

THEORY OF NURSING
• group 4
Dorothy_Orem's_Theory_Group4 2/19/2019 1
PRESENTED BY GROUP 4
1. NANCY AMANKWAH BOAKYE
2. CHARLOTTE AGBENYEFIA
3. MARY YAA WUJITI
4. SARAH OBENG-ABOAGYE
5. VIVIAN OWUSU SEKYERE
6. ROSE AGYEI-AYE
7. MWINBALUGRO DIANA
8. ROSEMARY OWUSU-KWARTENG
9. CHARLES AMOABENG APOTU
OBJECTIVES
At the end of this presentation, participants
would be able to:
1. Know biographic history and evolution of
the theorist
2. Define Orem’s theory
3. Describe assumptions of the theory
4. Enlist characteristics of the theory
5. Describe the various concepts of the theory.
3
OBJECTIVES cont.
6. Elaborate on the meta-paradigm of the
theory.
7. Develop Nursing Process according to
Orem’s self care deficit theory
8. Enlist strengths and weaknesses of the
theory
9. Describe application in nursing education
1914 -2007
BIOGRAPHIC HISTORY
Born in Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A on

15th July, 1914.
OREM’S PARENTS
1Her father was a construction

worker
1Her mother was a homemaker
7
EDUCATION
11930- graduated from Providence

Hospital School of Nursing,Washington
11935- BSN from Catholic
University of America
11945-MSN from Catholic
University of America
8
EDUCATION Cont...
1 1959- Dean of the School of Nursing at
Catholic University of America
1 1976- Doctorate of Science from
Georgetown University
1 1988- Doctor of Humane Letters
from Wesleyan University
1 1998- Doctor of Nursing from
University of Missouri
1 Retired in 1984
9
EVOLUTION OF THE
THEORY
1949-1957
Orem worked on developing nursing
curriculum and nursing practice.
1958-1960
Worked for the Office of Education, in the
U.S. Dept. of Health, Education and Welfare as a
curriculum consultant.
EVOLUTION Cont.
1958-1960 cont’d
Guidelines for Developing Curricula for the
Education of Practical Nurses was developed
1960-1970
Eventually served as the acting dean of the
School of Nursing at the Catholic University
of America
EVOLUTION Cont.
1971
Published Nursing Book: Concepts of Practice
ASSUMPTIONS OF THE
THEORY
1People should be self-reliant and responsible
for their own care and others in their family
needing care.
1People are distinct individuals.
1Nursing is a form of action–interaction
between two or more persons.
ASSUMPTIONS Cont.
1 Successfully meeting universal and
development self-care requisites is an important
component of primary care prevention and ill
health
1A person’s knowledge of potential health
problems is necessary for promoting self- care
behaviors.
1Self care and dependent care are behaviors
learned within a socio-cultural context.
1
Dorothy_Orem's_Theory_Group4 2/19/2019
4
CONCEPTS OF THE THEORY
Orem’s general theory of nursing is in
three related parts:
1 Self care
1 Self care deficit
1 Nursing system
1
5
THEORY OF SELF-CARE
• Self-care is a human regulatory function that
individual must, with deliberation, perform
themselves or have performed for them to
maintain life.
The elaboration of the concept self-care, self-
care demand and self-care agency provides the
foundation for understanding the action
requirements and limitations of persons who
may benefit from nursing.
1
6
THEORY OF SELF CARE CONT.
• Self-care: practice of activities that the

individual initiates and performs on
their own in maintaining life, health
and wellbeing.
1
7
• Self-care agency: is a human ability

which is the ability for engaging in self-
care condition by age, developmental
state, life experiences, socio-cultural
orientation, health and available
resources.
1
8
• Therapeutic self-care demand: Totality

of self-care actions to be performed for
some durations in order to meet self-
care requisites by using valid method
and related sets of operations and
actions.
1
9
SELF CARE cont.
• Self-care requisites: They are action directed

towards provision of self-care. There are three
categories of self-care requisites. These are:
1Universal self care requisites

1Developmental self care requisites
1Health deviation self care
2
0
SELF CARE REQ. Cont.
Universal self care requisites:
1Maintenance of sufficient intake of air,
food, and water.
1 Provision of care associated with the
elimination process.
1Balance between activities and rest, as
well as between solitude and social
interaction.
1Prevention of hazards to human life and
well-being.
1Promotion of human functioning.
2
1
Developmental self care requisites:

1 The requisites that are associated with
developmental processes.
1 They are generally derived from a
condition or associated with an event such as
the stages of development and their associated
abilities of self-care.
2
2
Health Deviation Self Care :
1 Seeking and securing appropriate
medical assistance
1 Being aware of the effects and results
of pathologic conditions
1 Effectively carrying out medically
prescribed measures
1 Modifying self-concepts in a particular state
of health and in specific forms of health care
1 Learning to live with effect of pathologic
condition
THEORY OF NURSING SYSTEM
This theory proposes that nursing is a human
action. Also, it sees nursing systems as action
systems formed by nurses through the exercise of
nursing agency for persons with health
associated limitations in self-care.
According to Orem, nursing agency includes the
available human resources that form the body
which performs nursing care especially self-care.
2
4
THEORY OF NSG. CONTD.
Orem’s theory defined nursing as:
“The act of assisting others in the provision and
management of self-care to maintain or improve
human functioning at home level of
effectiveness.” (G. Wayne, 2014)
The theory identifies three classifications of

nursing system to meet the self-care requisite of
the patient. They are as follows:
2
5
CONTD
Supportive-educative system: the patient
regulates the exercise and development of the
self-care agency through the education by the
nurse. The patient then accomplishes the care.
Partly compensatory system: the patient
performs some self-care measures, regulates self-
care agency and accept self-care from the nurse.
Wholly compensatory system: nurse virtually
do everything for the client. They accomplish
patient therapeutic self-care, compensate for
2
6
CONTD.
…patient ability to engage in self-care, support
and protect patient.
This theory designs and defines the elements of
nursing systems, scope of nursing responsibilities
and health care situations as well as general and
specific roles of nurses and patients.
2
7
THEORY OF SELF- CARE
DEFICIT
• The central idea of this is that the
requirement of person for nursing are
associated with the subjectivity of mature and
maturing to health related action limitations.
• These limitations render them completely or
partially unable to know existent and
emerging requisites for regulatory care for
themselves or their dependents.
2
8
SELF-CARE DEFICIT CONTD.
Nursing is required when an adult is incapable of
or limited in the provision of continuous effective
self-care. Orem identifies 5 methods of helping:
• Acting for and doing for others
• Guiding others
• Supporting others
• Providing an environmental in relation to meet
future dements.
• Teaching others.
2
9
METAPARADIGM OF THE
Person:
THEORY
1 An individual or group of individuals who
have the ability to acquire the knowledge
necessary to perform tasks of self care.
1 Ability to integrate self-care tasks and family,
community and individual needs.
1 Motivation to accomplish self caretasks.
1 Intellectual ability to perform cognitively,
delegate and evaluate tasks performed.
3
0
METAPARADIGM Cont.
• Health:
 “Promote function and development within
social groups in accordance with human
potential, known human limitations, and the
human desire to return to normal”
• (Tomey & Alligood, 2006 p. 279).
3
1
METAPARADIGM Cont...
Environment:
The surrounding of the patient/individual may
affect their ability to perform their self-care activity.
The environment is in two dimensions namely the
environment within and without. Furthermore, the
environment could be further differentiated into:
a. Physical, chemical and biologic features:
atmosphere, pollutants, weather, pets, infectious
organisms.
b. Socioeconomic features: family, community,
gender, gender roles, cultural roles, cultural
prescription of authority. 3
2
METAPARADIGM Cont.
• Nursing:
• The skilled professional who evaluates and
acknowledges a patient’s health deficit
• Nursing plans and implements care based on
actual and potential self care deficit
3
3
THE NURSING
PROCESS
2/19/20
Dorothy_Orem's_Theory_Group4 34
19
NURSING PROCESS
• Step-I: Assessment
• 1 Person’s health status
• 1 Physician’s perspective of the person’s
health status.
• 1 Person’s perspective of his or her health
• 1 Health goals
• 1 Person’s requirements for self care
• 1 Person’s capacity to perform self care
3
5
NURSING PROCESS Cont.
Step-II: Nursing diagnosis & Plans with
scientific rationale
1 Nurse designs a system that is wholly or
partly compensatory or supportive-
educative.
1 Bringing out good components of
patients’ therapeutic self care demands
1 Overcoming patient’s self care deficits
3
6
NURSING PROCESS Cont.
Step-III: Implementation & Evaluation
• Nurse assists the patient or family in self

care matters
• Actions are directed by etiology component
of nursing diagnosis
• Collecting evidence in evaluating results
achieved against results specified in the
nursing system
• Evaluation
3
7
CHARACTERISTICS
Orem's theory:
 Consists concepts that create a different
way of looking at a particular
phenomenon.
 Logical in nature.
 Relatively simple yet generalizable
 Basis for hypothesis that can be tested
3
8
CHARACTERISTICS Cont.
In research, this theory can contribute and
assist in increasing the general body of
knowledge within the discipline(nursing).
This can aid in the validation of the research.
 Can be used by the practitioners to guide and
improve their practice
 It is consistent with other validated theories,

laws and principles
3
9
STRENGTHS OF THE
THEORY
 Self Care Deficit Theory is specific to
nursing.
 It can be used in multiple nursing
specialties.
 The concept of self-care and health
maintenance are congruent with
contemporary literature in healthcare.
4
0
STRENGTHS Cont.
 It creates a coordinated nursing care
plan that adjusts to the patient’s needs
throughout recovery.
4
1
WEAKNESSESS
1 Time consuming for nurses

1 Direct contact is necessary throughout
the nursing process.
1 Multiple levels of the theory to consider
Self care, self care deficit and self care
deficit potential.
1 Does not address cultural needs
4
2
APLICATION IN
NURSING EDUCATION
1Teaches the student to encourage
compensatory care in the patient
population.
1 Conceptualize patients’ current and
potential self-care deficits.
1 Supports the nursing process in all 3
nursing theories.
4
3
THANK YOU!!!!
GROUP 4
2/19/20
Dorothy_Orem's_Theory_Group4 44
19
REFRENCES
1. Gil W.(RN)(2014), Dorothy Orem’s Self Care Theory,
retrieved from https://nurseslabs.com/dorothea-orems-self-
care-theory/ .
2. Marrier T., et al(2006).Nursing theorists and their work.
(6th ed.) St. Louis, MO : Mosby Elsevier.
3. Bruce, E., Gagnon, C., Gendron, Puteris, L., & Tamblyn,
A.(2009, November 7). Dorothea Orem’s Theory of Self
Care. Retrieved from
http://www.nipissingu.ca/faculty/arohap/aphome/NU
RS3006/Resources/DorotheaOremTheory.ppt
4. Dorothea Orem, Nursing Theory ( 2009, November, 7).
Retrieved from http://faculty.ucc.edu/nursing-
gervase/Orem%5B1%5D.pps
5. Dorothy Orem’s Theory, retrieved on 20th January, 2019, from
https://nurseslabs.com/dorothea-orems-self-care-theory/
4
5

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Course:

Topic: DOROTHEA OREM’S

Born in Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A on

1Her father was a construction

1Her mother was a homemaker

11930- graduated from Providence

• Self-care: practice of activities that the

• Self-care agency: is a human ability

• Therapeutic self-care demand: Totality

• Self-care requisites: They are action directed

1Universal self care requisites

Developmental self care requisites:

The theory identifies three classifications of

• Nurse assists the patient or family in self

 It is consistent with other validated theories,

1 Time consuming for nurses

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