INTRODUCTION TO DENTAL

MATERIALS

DR.MUHAMMAD ZAKIR
B.D.S, MSC DENTAL MATERIALS
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
FATIMA JINNAH DENTAL COLLEGE
 INTRODUCTION

 The main aim of dentistry is to improve the life of the

dental patient
 This can be achieved by
1. Preventing diseases
2. Relieving pain
3. Improving mastication
4. Enhancing speech
5. Improving appearance
 DENTAL MATERIALS

 It is the study of the composition and properties of

the materials used in the field of dentistry.
 How the materials act in the oral environment.
 The science of dental materials deals with the
materials that will be used in the clinics and labs
later on as dentists.
 Some of theses materials we will use in the lab only;
during the fabrication of a prostheses, restorations,
or crowns and Bridges
 WHAT IS IMPORTANT

For dental materials you should know the basic

few points of every material
 Composition
 Properties
 Manipulation
 Setting reaction
 Clinical uses
 Advantages/ disadvantages
 TYPES OF MATERIALS USED

COMPONENTS DENTURE
OF DENTURES BASES

WIRES DIRECT
POLYMERS
METALS FILLING
AND MATERIAL
CAST
RESTORATIONS ALLOYS
POLYMER DIRECT
COMPOSITES FILLING
PORCELAIN MATERIALS
CROWNS CERAMICS

ELASTOMERS
GYPSUM
PRODUCTS INORGANIC IMPRESSION
MATERIALS
SALTS
DENTAL
CEMENTS
 CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL MATERIALS

The dental materials are classified into:

 Preventive dental materials

 Restorative dental materials
 Auxiliary dental materials
 PREVENTIVE DENTAL MATERIALS

 These prevent either the disease itself or if a disease

is present it prevents it from progressing further.
 Pits and fissure sealants (prevent leakage, used for
their antibacterial effects)
 Liners, bases, cements, restorative materials (release
fluoride)
 Chlorhexidine or other agents which prevent further
progression of dental caries (tooth decay)
(mouthwashes)
 The preventive materials are usually used as
sealants, supply the tooth with fluoride. These
materials prevent the disease .
 RESTORATIVE DENTAL MATERIALS

Consists of all the materials that can be used to

repair or replace a tooth structure.
 Restorative materials can be used for temporary
purposes or as a long term application.
 The restorative materials are divided into direct
restorative materials, indirect restorative materials
and temporary restorative materials
They include:
 Primers
 Bonding agents
 Liners
 Cement bases
 Amalgams
 Resin-based composites
 compomers
 Denture polymers
 Ceramics
 Cast metals
 Metal-ceramics
 DIRECT RESTORATIVE MATERIAL: is the
restoration prepared for immediate application to
the tooth or cavity.
 INDIRECT RESTORATIVE MATERIAL: These
restorations are fabricated outside the mouth using
the dental restoration of the prepared tooth and are
indirectly applied as the restorations. Common
indirect restorations include inlays and onlays,
crowns, bridges, and veneers.
TEMPORARY RESTORATIVE MATERIALS:
These include products which are not used as a long
term material. These are:
 Temporary cements used for luting, temporary filling
during RCT, used to cement orthodontic wires and
acrylic resin used for temporary inlays, onlays,
crowns and FPD
 AUXILIARY DENTAL MATERIALS

Are the materials used in fabricating dental prostheses

and appliances but do not become the part of the
device.
They include:
 Acid etching solutions
 Impression materials
 Casting investment materials
 Gypsum cast
 Dental waxes
 Acrylic resins
 Finishing and polishing abrasives
 SELECTION OF DENTAL MATERIALS

For selecting a dental material a certain route or

a way should be followed. The following steps
should be followed for a particular material to use it as
a dental material.
1. Diagnosis / Analyze:
2. Requirements/ Available materials
3. Comparing
4. Selection
5. review
 IDEAL REQUIREMENTS OF DENTAL
MATERIALS

Dental material should be:

 Biocompatible (non toxic, non- irritant, non allergic)
 Bond permanently to the tooth structure
 Match natural appearance of tooth structure
 Exhibit properties similar to those of tooth enamel,
dentine & other tissues.
 Be capable of initiating tissue repair.
 Dimensionally stable
 Corrosion resistant
 Minimal conduction of heat and electrical current
 Easy to manipulate
 Tasteless and odourless
 Can be sterilized easily
 Cost effective
 WHY STUDY DM?

 You will also need to supply the patient with all the
information he needs to know about the materials
you used to insure a successful treatment.
 Like for example after filling you may tell the patient
not to chew from that side for a day. Failure to do so
may result in the failure of the filling.