Creating Reports 1: Quantitative Reports

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Designing
Surveys
  84% say it is possible to
z succeed in love
life and career at the same
time

 More singles would

choose career over love
life

 Marrieds have happiest

love life

 Single men 18-34 years old

are happier with love life
than single women of
same age group
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What is a Survey?

 Any activity that collects information in

organized and methodical manner
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Advantages of Doing Surveys

 Precision (margin of error)

 Classification

 Valuable conclusions
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Disadvantages of Doing Surveys

 Cost

 Experience required

 Limited information
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Different Forms of Surveys

 In-person/ controlled environments

 Internet (e.g., Google Forms)

 Telephone surveys

 Mail surveys
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Different Forms of Surveys

 The survey technique is based on

 Type of information that needs to be
gathered; and
 Amount of resources needed for the
survey
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Reliability vs. Validity

 The concepts of reliability and validity

are important in designing surveys.
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Reliability vs. Validity

 Reliability ensures that the test

produces the same results when
conducted repeatedly.
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Reliability vs. Validity

 Validity ensures that the test measures

what it intends to measure.
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Creating the Survey

1. Determine the objectives

2. Identify the scope of your survey

3. Identify your survey respondents

4. Create the questions

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Objectives and Scope

Example:

How satisfied are the customers of

Restaurant X?
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Objectives and Scope

Example:

How satisfied are the customers of

Restaurant X?

What do we have to measure in terms of

satisfaction?
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Types of Questions

 Open-ended questions
 Questions that need to be answered with a
long response
 Example: What is the effect of waking up
late to your academic performance?
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Types of Questions

 Close-ended questions
 Questions that have two or more
conditioned/chosen responses
 Example: I believe that I am capable of
conducting myself infront of other people.
(Strongly Agree-Strongly Disagree)
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Question Formats (Close Ended)

 Demographic Information: items that

describe the characteristics of the
respondents
 Gender, educational attainment, age,
income, etc.
 Only important demographic information
should be asked from the respondents.
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Question Formats (Close Ended)
 Likert Scale (different responses are given
weights)

Strongly
Strongly Agree Agree Disagree
Disagree
The school
provides quality
education.
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Question Formats (Close Ended)

 How many response scales should there

be in a Likert-type survey?
 Even numbered responses are ideally
preferred because they eliminate central
tendency biases.

 How many items should there be in a

Likert-type survey?
 As much as needed.
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Question Formats (Close Ended)
 Ranking questions: items are asked to be
ranked in a specific order
Rank the following items according to your preference, with 1
being the most preferred and 2 being the least preferred.

____ Nokia
____ Samsung
____ Apple
____ Huawei
____ Cherry Mobile
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Survey Layout

 Ensure that the instructions are clear and

understandable for the respondents.
 Avoid grammatical or typographical errors.
 The survey must look clean and organized
for it to be read clearly.
 Tables must be neatly aligned.
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Population vs. Sample

 The population is the entire universe to

which you will gather your respondents.
 The sample is the amount of respondents
you will need to respond to your survey.
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Ethical Issues

 Consent
 Confidentiality