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-Electrical Safety

-ES Global Developments

P.G. Sreejith
Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Ltd.

www.cholarisk.com
In this presentation……

Section I
 Electrical hazards
 Electrical accidents – Statistics
 Humans & Electricity
 Electrical Safety Programme elements

Section II
 Global Developments in Electrical Safety
Electrical Accidents-Statistics

• • 25% of all fires occur due to electricity (NFPA)


• 411 deaths from job related electrical accidents
per year (NIOSH)
• Electrocution - the fifth leading cause of death
(1982 - 1990) NIOSH
•About 12 deaths due to electrocution NCRB,
(India)
•42 % of total fires occur due to electrical
sources (Source -OISD)
• 8% deaths that occur in Indian factories are due
ELECTRICAL ACCIDENTS- 10 year Period,
Chemical Industry
Electrical Near-Misses &
Accidents- Major Causes
Working on live equipment w/o
authorization or PPE

Wiring mistakes coupled with failure of


safe-energy conditions

Leaving unsafe conditions


Electricity and People

A person usually offers a lesser resistance


for the electricity
The person forms a completed circuit when
touching the ground
Electricity always tries to travel to ground
ELECTRICAL FIRES ….

 ELECTRICAL FAULTS (Contd.)

– STATIC DISCHARGES

– LIGHTNING

– USING ORDINARY ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT IN


HAZARDOUS AREAS
Earthing

 Most electrical equipment is designed with a


earthing system
 Earth all equipment with metallic body (TVs?)
 Double & Single earthing- differentiation?
 Carry out ER tests annually as per NFPA 70
 Take action on high ER values
 Identify all earth pits, maintain a Earth Pit lay out
Earth Leakage Circuit Breakers

 ELCBs reduce the likelihood of fatal shocks


 Detect small amount of leakage current and
automatically switch off the power
 Can be used with extension cords and portable
tools
 Fuses and circuit breakers protect equipment,
not people
 Use the right sensitivity ELCBs (30, 100, 300
mA)
Static Electricity

 Created when materials rub together


 Can cause shocks or even minor skin burns
 Can damage sensitive electronic equipment
 Reduced or prevented by:
– Proper grounding
– Anti-Static rubber matting
– Bonding & earthing of equipment, pipelines
Electrical Fire Protection

Use Linear Heat Sensing cables in cable


cellars along with smoke detectors
Consider all major electrical fires in EMP
Install master control switches outside all
stores
Maintain PFEs for electrical rooms
Consider local flooding systems for critical
panels/ switchgear panels
Case Study

 An electrician received a shock while trying to


replace a tube light ballast in live power
condition.
 He touched a live conductor. He was not wearing
rubber gloves. Current entered his right hand
through his little finger and exited through his left
hand.
 Post Accident Correction:
– Working on live circuits not permitted
– LOTO to be strictly enforced
Equipment Operators

Never tamper with electrical interlocks


Do not repair electrical components of
your machine
Properly shut off machinery before
operation
Obey warning signs and follow safe
procedures
Follow PTW procedures strictly
Electrical Preventive Maintenance

 Identification of critical Electrical Equipment

 Emergency lighting

 Fire Alarm System

 Protection Supply DC System

 UPS System, Battery Banks

 Electrical Maintenance Procedures to be aligned with NFPA 70 B


Planning for EPM

Personal Safety

Equipment Failure

Production Economics
Electrical Preventive
Maintenance
 Implement EPM without slippage
 Carry out all tests (ER, IR, transformer oil,
DGA, LP system, transformer protective
devices- simulation, FA system for electrical
rooms, etc.)
 Adopt NFPA 70 E / B for electrical maintenance
 Adopt Risk Based maintenance
 Use predictive maintenance tools (hotspot
detector, Ultrasonic detectors, Thermography)
‘All electrical accidents are
preceded by rise in temperature
& sound’
ELECTRICAL SAFETY AUDIT

A systematic approach to critically


analyze the existing Electrical
Procedures and Practices from safety
point of view
Global Developments in
Electrical Safety
Present Status - ES-India
•ES Awareness is slowly growing
•Use of RCCBs in the rise, finer details are yet to
be understood by many
•More ES workshops / seminars are conducted in
India
•Statutory regulations are enforced strictly
(Karnataka, Delhi - Use of RCCBs mandatory in
residential buildings)
•Many industries are re-aligning their Electrical
practices based on international standards
(NFPA, IEEE, etc.)
Evolvement of ES Standards / organizations-
United States

•NFPA - NEC (1897)


•NESC (1913), from IEEE
•NIOSH (Research example: development of
voltage detector that will signal the person if he
gets close to live power)-1970
• OSHA (1970)
•NFPA 70 E & B (1979) -approved by OSHA
•Electrical Trauma Centre, Chicago (1990)
•NESF(1994), by UL, NFPA, NEMA, CPSC
ES Products...
ES Auditing Techniques

• Electrical Risk Assessment using Semi-


Quantitative Risk Ranking (SQRR) technique
•Emergency Lighting Risk Assessment

• Benchmarking against applicable standards:


•NFPA 780 Lightning Protection
•NFPA 70 M Electrical Preventive
Maintenance
•NFPA 70 E Personal Safety from Electrical
Safety
Electrical Risk Assessment (SQRR
Technique)

Risk Ranking based on severity, probability

High Risk- Statutory Non-compliance, F&E hazards,


Shock hazards, Risks that could result in immediate
threat to life & property. Immediate correction
Medium Risk - Maintenance flaws,Operational issues-
correction at the next available opportunity.
Low Risk - Mainly improvement measures, long term
implementation
RCCB Tripping

How do we solve this problem in


India ?

Bypass it !!!
ES related Information
 Indian Electricity Rule, 1956 (2000 rev.):
(MoP, CEA web site,http://powermin.nic.in)
 Lightning Protection Risk Assessment:www.furse.com
 National Electrical Safety Foundation: www.nesf.org
 Free safety Power Point presentations: http://siri.org/
 Electrical Accidents: http://www.safteng.net:
 IEEE IAS ES WS –Delhi Dec. 2004
Standards & Codes
 NFPA 70 E & B- E-Safety & Maintenance
 NFPA 780- Lightning Protection
 API RP 2003- Static Electricity
 API RP 500- HAC
 OSHA 29 CFR- part 1910- Arc Flash
 NFPA 70- NEC
 IEEE 1584- Arc Flash Protection
 NFPA 77- Static Electricity
 OSHA CFR 1926-Personnel Electrical Safety
Summary

 Electricity will try to reach ground even if it means


going through a person
 Earthing has an important role in ES
 Always inspect power tools and cords and do not use
them if damaged
 Do not attempt to repair electrical equipment unless
trained and qualified
 Understand effects of Lightning- it could save your life!
 Major fires, explosions occurred due to ESD , lightning
in flammable atmospheres

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