HUKUM/LEGAL ASPEK DAN ETIK

KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT
 Ethical / legal issues in individual and community Rights and Responsibility in health

ETHICAL/LEGAL INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS AND COMMUNITY RIGHTS AND

ISSUES RESPONSIBILITY RSPONSIBILITY
Sanctity of human life Right to health care ; Responsible for providing
responsiblity for self care and feasible of basket of services,
risk reduction equitable access for all
Individual vs. Immunization for individual Immunization for herd immunity
Community rights protection and community protection;
education; community may
mandate immunization
Right to health care All are entitled to needed Community right to health care
emergency preventive, regardless of location, age, sex,
curative care ethnicity, medical condition,
economic status
Personal Individual rsponsible for Community education to health
responsibility health behavior promoting lifestyles, avoid
‘blame the victim’
 Ethical / legal issues in individual and community Rights and Responsibility in health
ETHICAL/LEGAL INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS AND
ISSUES RESPONSIBILITY
Corporate Producer and individual
responsibility manager accountability to
criminal and civil action
Provider responsiblity Proffesional, ethical care and
communication with patient
Personal safety Protection from individual and
family violence
Freedom of choice Choice of health provider,
limitation of gate keeper
function, right to second
opinion, right of appeal
COMMUNITY RIGHTS AND
RSPONSIBILITY
Producer, purveyor of health
hazard accountable for individual
and community damage
Access to well organized health
care, accredited to accepted
standards
Public safety, law enforcement,
protection of women, children
and elderly. Safety from war,
terrorism, ethnic violence.
Community responsible to control
costs while ensuring individual
rights, limitation of self referrals
to specialist
 Ethical / legal issues in individual and community Rights and Responsibility in
health
ETHICAL/LEGAL INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS AND
ISSUES RESPONSIBILITY
Euthanasia The individual’s right to die,
limitation by societal, ethical,
and legal standards
Confidentiality Right to privacy of medical
information
Informed consent Right to know risks vs benefits
and agree or disagree to
treatment or participation in
experiment
Birth control Right to information and
access to birth control; safe
abortion; women’s control of
her body
COMMUNITY RIGHTS AND
RSPONSIBILITY
Assurance of individual and
community interest; prevention of
abuse by family or other with
conflict of interest
Mandatory reporting of special
diseases for epidemiologic
analysis; provider’s right to know
Helsinki committee approval of
research; regulate fair practice in
right to know ; Patient’s Bill of
Rights
Political, religious promotion of
fertility ; alternative to abortion;
protection of women’s right to
choose
 Ethical / legal issues in individual and community Rights and Responsibility in health
ETHICAL/LEGAL INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS AND
ISSUES RESPONSIBILITY
Resources for health Universal access. prepayment,
individual contribution
through the workplace or
taxes
Regulation and Social security payments,e.g
incentives to promote for hospital delivery,
community health attendance for prenatal care.
Care in the community and
ambulatory care; supportive
community care services
Global health Human rights and aspiration;
economic development,
health, education and jobs
COMMUNITY RIGHTS AND
RSPONSIBILITY
Solidarity principle and adequate
funding , right to cost
containment, limitations on
service benefit
Incentive grants to assist
communities for programs of
national interest, limit
institusional facilities; transfer of
resources to primary care.
Danger of transfer of health risks;
occupational hazard and
environmental damage to poor or
developing countries
 Ethical / legal issues in individual and community Rights and Responsibility in health

ETHICAL/LEGAL INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS AND COMMUNITY RIGHTS AND

ISSUES RESPONSIBILITY RSPONSIBILITY
Rights of minorities Equality in universal access Special support for high needs
groups
Prisoner’s health Human rights, prevention of Security and human rights.
torture, executions, prison
conditions.
Allocation of Lobbying, advocacy for equity Equitable distribution of
resources and innovation resources; targeting high risk
groups; cost containment
 Global health and
the new public health
• Global health means identifying and addressing
the acute infections and chronic diseases as early
as possible they spread or amplify by common
risk factors.
• The new public health is concerned with
globalization of health ;
1. It includes all health activities an any one
country
2. What happens in the rest of the world is of
direct interest to each country, no matter how
wealthy, industrialized, or isolated.