Logic Gates

Transistors as Switches
• VBB voltage controls whether the transistor
conducts in a common base configuration.

• Logic circuits can be built

 AND
In order for current to flow, both switches
must be closed
¤ Logic notation AB = C
(Sometimes AB = C)

A B C
0 0 0
Both inputs has to be high 0 1 0
To get a sensible output 1 0 0
While acting as a switch it 1 1 1
Will work as a series.
 OR
Current flows if either switch is closed
¤ Logic notation A + B = C

A B C
0 0 0
Any one inputs has to be high
0 1 1
To get a sensible output
While acting as a switch it 1 0 1
Will work as as parallel 1 1 1
 Inversion (NOT)

A Q

0 1
Logic: QA 1 0
 Exclusive OR (XOR)

Either A or B, but not both

A B S
This is sometimes called the
inequality detector, because the 0 0 0
result will be 0 when the inputs are the 1 0 1
same and 1 when they are different.
0 1 1
The truth table is the same as for 1 1 0
S on Binary Addition. S = A  B
 Getting the XOR
Two ways of getting S = 1 A B S
0 0 0
A  B or A  B
1 0 1
0 1 1
1 1 0
 Circuit for XOR

A  B  AB  AB
Accumulating our results: Binary addition is the
result of XOR plus AND
 NAND (NOT AND)

A B Q
Q  AB 0 0 1
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
 NOR (NOT OR)

A B Q
QAB 0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 0
 Exclusive NOR

Q  AB A B Q
0 0 1
0 1 0
Equality Detector
1 0 0
1 1 1
 Summary
Summary for all 2-input gates

Inputs Output of each gate

A B AND NAND OR NOR XOR XNOR

0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1

0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0

1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0

1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1
Logic Gates and Symbols

AND

NAND
More Gates and Symbols

OR

NOR

NOT
 And More

XOR

NXOR