RE 709 Smart Grid

Automation in Grid

Nithin S.
Assistant Professor
Department of EEE, ASE, Coimbatore
Single Line Generator

Diagram 10 to 30 KV

Step-up T/F

132 KV, 220 KV, 400 KV.

Transmission EHV

Step down T/F

66 KV, 33 KV OR 11 KV
Distribution HV Receiving
Station

Step Down
To large Industries at 11 kv or 33 kv or
T/F
66 kv
consumer of HV level
440V (Utilization)

Consumers of LV level
 Existing Issues in the Grid

•Aged

•Centralized

•Manual operations

•Fragile

•Polluting

•Energy Crisis

Solution ?  Grid modernization

 Black outs….
•July 30 and 31, 2012
•Affected over 620 million people

August 14, 2003

Affected 55 million people
$6 billion lost

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_India_blackouts http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northeast_blackout_of_2003
 Grid Modernization

5
Source : http://www.palgrave-journals.com/dbm/journal/v17/n3/fig_tab/dbm201020f1.html
 Continued…

•More Renewable integration.

•Bi-directional power flow.
•Dynamic tariff.
•Advanced metering Infrastructure (AMI).
•Customer participation.
•Transparent operation.

How these could be achieved?

Solution Wide Area Situational Awareness and Control
6
India’s Energy Sector Realities and Emerging Needs

National Priorities Current Situation Implications

Meeting Demand •Chronic power shortages •Augmentation of generation
Shortage •Rapid demand growth capacity; efficiency improvement
•Inadequate energy access •Power evacuation and grid access

Clean Energy •RE capacity increasing ~ •Require smarter systems for power
Deployment 3000+ MW added each year balancing to deal with variability &
unpredictability

Operational Efficiency •Poor operational efficiency •Need for ability to control and
Improvement •High system losses monitor power flow till customer
•R-APDRP has provided much level
needed support

Enhancing Consumer •Poor system visibility •Real time system to enable better
Service Standards •Lack of reliability system visibility and consumer
participation

Smart Grids can transform the existing grid into a more efficient,
reliable, safe and enable address sector challenges.
 Hierarchy in power system
•NLDC- National Load Despatch Centre
•RLDC- Regional
•SLDC- state
Kerala: SLDC, Kalamassery
TamilNadu: Chennai
RLDC: Southern regional LDC, Bangalore
 Role of SLDC
•Demand Estimation for operational purpose.
•Regulating Generation Load Balance.
•Schedule for Central Sector Drawl & Regulate it.
•Monitor bilateral power supply agreement.
•Maintain system frequency in range.
•Outage planning and monitoring.
•Restoration procedure planning and implementation.
•Reactive power management and voltage control.
•Load Shedding Implementation.
•Coordination with RLDC And other constituents.
 Role of RLDC
•Monitoring of system parameters and security.
•To ensure the integrated operation of the power system grid in
the region.
•System studies, planning and contingency analysis.
•Analysis of tripping/disturbances and facilitating immediate
remedial measures.
•Daily scheduling and operational planning.
•Facilitating bilateral and inter-regional exchanges.
•Computation of energy despatch and drawal.
•Augmentation of telemetry, computing and communication
facilities.
 Role of NLDC
•Supervision of RLDCs
•Scheduling and despatch of interregional
exchanges as per grid code.
•Coordination with RLDCs for maximum
economy and efficiency.
•Coordination with RLDC for regional outage
schedule.
 Automation in Power systems

•Generation
• Fully automated
•Schemes like LFC (load frequency control) are
automated.

•Transmission
•Partially automated in High Voltage substations.

•Distribution
•Very few distribution level substations have automated
controls.
•Advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) is implemented
partially (unidirectional).
 Power System Management
Generating station- SCADA
Substation- SCADA
PLCC/Fibre Optic/GPRS Network
Energy Scheduling
State estimation – Identify the operational conditions of
the system with the help of SCADA measurements.
 SCADA

Data Acquisition  Sensors/RTU

Presentation  HMI
Communication SCADA master to RTU
Control Relays

oRTU- remote terminal unit

oSCADA master- central processor for SCADA

14
SCADA- Concept diagram
 continued

•RTU- Remote terminal unit

–Electronics device controlled by a microprocessor,
that connects the physical objects to the SCADA.
 IED

•Intelligent Electronic Devices

–Receives data from sensors for control, protection
–RTU’s could be considered as IED
 Data Collection in SCADA

•SCADA Master
•RTU- Slave
•Polling based / interrupt based
 SCADA HMI

Hydro power plant

 Continued

Thermal power plant

 Continued
substation
SCADA for Power Generating
Stations
 SCADA for Power Generating Stations
•Continuous monitoring of Speed and Frequency
•Geographical monitoring of fuel delivery and water
treatment processes
•Supervising the status of circuit breakers, protective
relays and other safety related operations
•Generation operations planning
•Active and reactive power control
•Turbine protection
•Load scheduling
•Historical data processing of all generation related
parameters
SCADA for Power Transmission System
 SCADA for Power Transmission System
•Improving power system efficiency by maintaining an
acceptable range of power factor
•Limiting peak power demand
•Continuous monitoring and controlling of various
electrical parameters in both normal and abnormal
conditions
•Trending and alarming to enable operators by
addressing the problem spot
•Historian data and viewing that from remote locations
•Quick response to customer service interruptions
Advanced Sensing and
Measurement
•Enhance power system measurements and
enable the transformation of data into
information.
•Evaluate the health of equipment, the integrity
of the grid, and support advanced protective
relaying.
•Enable consumer choice and demand response,
and help relieve congestion

27
Advanced Sensing and
Measurement
•Advanced Metering Infrastructure
(AMI)
–Provide interface between the utility and
its customers: bi-direction control
–Advanced functionality
•Real-time electricity pricing
•Accurate load characterization
•Outage detection/restoration
–California asked all the utilities to deploy
the new smart meter

28
 Thank You
rce of Image: https://www.ecnmag.com/blog/2015/06/how-smart-grid-will-impact-iot