Thrust and Fields of

Public Administration
Nature and Thrust of
Public Administration
Nature and Thrust of Public
Administration
In general, Public Administration deals with the system, processes
and dynamics of the management, operation or administration of
the affairs of the state, which include the entire gamut of
government service in the national and sub-national politics,
including but not limited to, government officials and public
employees.
Nature and Thrust of Public
Administration
In the operational level, public administration is concerned
significantly on normative political values in the delivery of
public good. And on the administrative thrusts of the civil
service like accountability, transparency, efficiency, and
among others.
Fields of Public
Administration
Local and Regional Governance and
Administration
It refers to the "institutions around local governments engaged
in the design and implementation of political, economic policy
like business elites, community leaders, development
cooperatives, training and enterprise councils and voluntary
groups."
Fiscal Administration

It generally refers to the formulation, implementation and evaluation of

policies and decisions on:

1. Taxation and revenue administration;

2. Resource allocation;
3. Budgeting and public expenditure;
4. Public borrowing and debt management; and
5. Accounting and auditing.
Public Policy Analysis and Program
Administration
It can be defined as what the government chooses to do or not to do in a particular issue or program that includes
the administration of the following processes:

1. Policy initiation;
2. Policy formulation;
3. Policy implementation;
4. Policy and program monitoring; and
5. Policy and profram evaluation.

As Dye (1995) has said, "Certain theoretical approaches and models have been included in studying public policy
which comprise institutions, processes, groups, elites, rationals, incrementalism game theory, public choice, and
systems model.
Organizational and Personnel
Management
It refers to the creation of an environment that hastens the
improvement of individuals and their organization to provide
better public service. Leaders amd the rank and file are
enjoined to implement organizational thrust while maintaining
operational function, developing interpersonal skills and
managing human resources.
 Emerging Subfields of Public
Administration

Emerging Subfields
of PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION

Public Enterprise Voluntary Sector Spatial Information

Management Management Management
Public Administration
as a Field of Study
 Public Administration….
“child of Political Science that is mature enough
to be treated separately and independent of its
mother.”
- Reyes (1993) in Brillantes et al. (2008)

16
 Concerned
Methodologies
Public Administration as a Field of
Study
17
 Classical Public Administration
concerns on the methods of:

Public
Administration

Management
Administrative Personnel Financial
of Human
Organization Administration Administration
Factors

18
 Component Disciplines of Public
Administration

Public
Administration

Laws, Rules
Political
Management and
Science
Regulations
19
 Traditional Public
Administration
vs.
New Public
Administration
Public Administration as a Field of
Study
20
 PA as a Field of
Study
vs.
PA as a Field of
Practice
Public Administration as a Field of
Study
21
Public Administration as
an Art and as a Science
 PA as an ART vs. PA as a SCIENCE
As an ART
- PA can be improved or
enhanced by one’s experience
23
As a SCIENCE
- PA involves generation and
evaluation of knowledge
according to scientific
method
- “informing grace of
ideology” [Bautista et al,
(1993)]
Development of Public
Administration in the
Philippines
PA in the Philippines

Scope of PA
Study of PA Filipinos in IPA’s degree
pioneered by PA courses programs
key posts
UP offered expanded
University of College of PA
IPA established Michigan’s renamed as
Contact ended NCPAG

1950 1952 1954 1956 1971 1987 Present

*PA – Public Administration

*IPA – Institute of Public Administration
*College of PA – College of Public Administration
*NCPAG – National College of Public Administration
Public Administration as a
Discipline and Practice
 PA as an DISCIPLINE and PRACTICE
As a DISCIPLINE
- How theories and principles
can be applied in real politico-
administrative setting?
- PA is a science
27
As a PRACTICE
- Brings forward the
organizational goals through
workable and competent
means
- Includes participation and
involvement of civil society
and cause-oriented groups
- PA is an art
WOODROW WILSON MOVEMENT

• A pioneer of the study of Public Administration, set the tone of the role
of the government and the administration in the civil society, and the
improvement they should separately adopt for successful operation.

• The distinction and separation of politics and public administration.

• The marked difference between public organizations and private
entities.
• Stressing the goal of efficiency by emphasizing on business attitudes in
the workplace.
• Anchoring effective delivery of public services by professional civil
servants chosen on the basis of merits.
SPOIL SYSTEM

• The question of organizational efficiency rests on the spoil system

of earlier governments in the conduct of administration,
characterized by red tape or general distaste.
POLITICS AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
DICHOTOMY

• Public administration is the implementation of government policy

and also an academic discipline that studies this implementation
and prepares civil servants for working in the public service.
• Politics is the process of making decisions that apply to members
of a group. It refers to achieving and exercising positions of
governance—organized control over a human community,
particularly a state
POLITICS AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
DICHOTOMY

• Politics is a state of activity in things great and universal while

administration is the activity of the state in individual and in small
things
• Politics thus, is the special province of the statesman, while
administration is the province of the technical official.
• Politics and administration are separate as politics is the
expression of the will of the state, and administration is the
execution of that will.
EMERGENCE OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

• Came during the late 18th century to the early 19th century in
Great Britain where major changes swept the agriculture industry
so with the manufacturing, transport, and mining companies.
• Application of the mechanical power to the production of goods.
• Significantly influenced the governmental organizations
throughout Europe, and travelled to the rest of the world.
 NEOCLASSICAL
PROPONENTS
OF
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
 HERBERT SIMON
AND ELTON MAYO
- Motivational Factors are better
stimuli to engage acceptable
organizational behavior and patterns
- Humanist in approach
- Man is the center of organization
- Bounded-rationality and
"satisficing"
- "How is work efficiency
achieved?"

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 CHESTER BARNARD AND
ABRAHAM MASLOW
• Functions of the executives

• Hierarchical needs of individual (Theory of

Human Motivaion)

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 LUTHER GULICK AND LYNDALL
URWICK

• POSDCORB
Planning Coordinating

Organizing Reporting

Staffing Budgeting

Directing

58
 Frederick Herzberg
• The Motivation to Work
Leading to Leading to
Dissatisfaction Satisfaction
Company Policy Achievement
Supervision Recognition
Relationship with the Work Itself
Boss
Work Conditions Responsibility
Salary Advancement
Relationship with Knowledge Center
Peers
• Motivation Theory vs. Hygiene
Theory

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 Douglas McGregor

• Theory X and Theory Y

• Authoritative Direct
Control and Integrative
Self-control

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 MAX WEBER
• Father of German Sociology

• Bureaucracy ( Hierarchy. Division of

labor, Formally written rules and
procedures, Impersonality, Neutrality )

• Bureaucracy made administration more

efficient and rational

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 DWIGHT WALDO

•Public Management vs.

Public Administration

62
 Harmonizing the Goals of Politics
and Democracy
Political interference
Politics (policy formulation)

Administration (policy execution)

Processes are not and cannot be carried on in partition, but

are really two phases of the single and complex process of
government.
 Emerging Challenges
Evolution of Public Administration into
a modern bureaucratic state.
 Old Public Administration
Classical management is searching ways to maximize
production efficiency

Public Administration during the classical stage was

focused also on achieving efficiency, effectiveness and
economy.