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  • Lecture 1 Introduction

    Diunggah oleh

    Mubashir Hasan
    12 tayangan20 halaman
    The document discusses internal combustion engines. It defines them as engines that produce mechanical power from the chemical energy in fuel. It describes the basic components and operation of reciprocating engines, including the four stroke cycle of intake, compression, power, and exhaust strokes. The four stroke cycle uses two revolutions of the crankshaft to complete the cycle. In contrast, two stroke engines complete the cycle, including intake, compression, power and exhaust, in just two strokes using only one crankshaft revolution.

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    Internal combustion engine introduction

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    The document discusses internal combustion engines. It defines them as engines that produce mechanical power from the chemical energy in fuel. It describes the basic components and operation of reciprocating engines, including the four stroke cycle of intake, compression, power, and exhaust strokes. The four stroke cycle uses two revolutions of the crankshaft to complete the cycle. In contrast, two stroke engines complete the cycle, including intake, compression, power and exhaust, in just two strokes using only one crankshaft revolution.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    12 tayangan20 halaman

    Lecture 1 Introduction

    Diunggah oleh

    Mubashir Hasan
    The document discusses internal combustion engines. It defines them as engines that produce mechanical power from the chemical energy in fuel. It describes the basic components and operation of reciprocating engines, including the four stroke cycle of intake, compression, power, and exhaust strokes. The four stroke cycle uses two revolutions of the crankshaft to complete the cycle. In contrast, two stroke engines complete the cycle, including intake, compression, power and exhaust, in just two strokes using only one crankshaft revolution.

    Hak Cipta:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Unduh sebagai PPTX, PDF, TXT atau baca online dari Scribd
    Tandai sebagai konten tidak pantas
    dari 20

    Internal Combustion

    Engine
    Introduction
    Heat Engine

    • Heat engines are devices used to produce net work from a supply of heat by
    operating in a cyclic manner.
    Heat Engine

    Internal External
    Combustion Combustion
    Engine Engine

    Reciprocating
    Engine Reciprocating
    Turbine Turbine
    Engine
    Thermal Efficiency

    • Performance or efficiency, in general, can be expresses in terms of the


    • desired output and the required input as

    Wnet, out Q
    Net work output  th   1  out
    Thermal efficiency  Qin Qin
    Total heat input
    • The Thermal Efficiencies of Work-Producing Devices:
    • Ordinary spark-ignition automobile engine 25 %
    • Diesel engines and large gas-turbine plants 35 %
    • Steam power plants 40 %
    • Large combined gas-steam power plants 50 %
    Internal Combustion Engines

    • Internal combustion engines produce mechanical power from the chemical


    energy contained in the fuel.
    Classification
    1. Application
    2. Working Cycle
    3. Air Intake Process
    4. Fuel Used
    5. Method of Mixture Preparation
    6. Method of Ignition
    7. Method of Load Control
    8. Basic Engine Design
    9. Valve or Port Design and Location
    10.Combustion Chamber Design
    11.Method of Cooling
    Important terminologies related to
    reciprocating engine
    • Top Dead Center (TDC)
    • Bottom Dead Center (BDC)
    • Clearance Volume (Vc) (The minimum cylinder volume)
    • Total Volume (Vt) (The Maximum cylinder volume)
    • Swept Volume (Vs) (Difference between Vt & Vc)
    • Compression Ratio (Ratio of Vt to Vc)
    Four Stroke Cycle

    • Strokes = 4
    • Crankshaft revolutions = 2
    • Power Stroke = 1
    Sequence of operation

    • Both SI & CI engines use this cycle which comprises


    1. INTAKE STROKE
    2. COMPRESSION STROKE
    3. POWER STROKE
    4. EXHAUST STROKE
    Intake stroke

    • Which starts with the piston at TDC and ends with the piston at BDC, which
    draws fresh mixture into the cylinder.to increase the mass inducted, the
    inlet valve opens shortly before the stroke starts and closes after it ends.
    COMPRESSION STROKE

    • Both valves are closed


    • Mixture inside the cylinder is compressed to a small fraction of its initial
    volume
    • Combustion initiated at the end of the compression
    • Cylinder pressure increases
    POWER STROKE OR EXPANSION
    STROKE

    • Start with piston at TDC and ends at BDC


    • As the high pressure and high temperature gasses push the piston down and
    force the crank to rotate
    • As the piston approaches BDC the exhaust valve opens to initiate the
    exhaust process and drop the cylinder pressure to close to the exhaust
    pressure
    AN EXHAUST STROKE

    • Remaining burned gasses exit the cylinder:


    • To obtain a higher power output from a given engine size and a simpler
    valve design, the two stroke cycle was developed
    Two Stroke Cycle

    • Strokes = 2
    • Crankshaft revolutions = 1
    • Power Stroke = 1
    Intake & Compression Stroke

    • Starts by closing the inlet and exhaust ports and then compresses the
    cylinder contents and draws fresh charge into the crankcase. As the piston
    approaches the TDC, combustion is initiated.

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