1. PLANE SURVEYING
1. GEODETIC SURVEYING
PLANE SURVEYING
Based on
Based on Based on Based on
nature of
Instrument Methods Purposes
field
CLASSIFICATION BASED ON NATURE OF SURVEY
LAND SURVEY
Topographic survey
Cadastral Survey
City Survey
MARINE SURVEY
ASTRONOMICAL SURVEY
LAND SURVEY
Topographic survey
To determine the natural features of a country such as river,
streams, lakes, woods, hills etc., and artificial features such
as roads, railways, canals,
Cadastral Survey
Fixing of property lines, the calculation of land area or
transfer of land property from one owner to another
To fix boundaries of municipalities and of state and federal
jurisdictions
City Survey
Construction of streets, water supply systems, sewers and
other works
LAND SURVEY
MARINE SURVEY
ASTRONOMICAL SURVEY
I. TRIANGULATION
II. TRAVERSING
CLASSIFICATION BASED ON OBJECT OF SURVEY
ENGINEERING SURVEY
MILITARY SURVEY
MINE SURVEY
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
ARCHEOLOGICAL SURVEY
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
To obtain information about different strata of the earth’s surface for
geological studies.
Geological maps are prepared depicting the details of the strata
Hydrological Maps
Geological Maps
MINE SURVEY
For exploring mineral wealth, to determine relative positions and
elevation and to guide tunneling and other operations associated with
mining.
ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY
To unearth relics of antiquity, civilization, kingdoms, forts, temples, etc
MILITARY SURVEY
It has a very important and critical applications in the military.
Aerial surveys are conducted for this purpose.
To determine the routes and points of strategic importance.
CLASSIFICATION BASED ON INSTRUMENTS USED
CLASSIFICATION BASED ON INSTRUMENTS USED
CHAIN SURVEYING
COMPASS SURVEYING
LEVELLING
THEODOLITE SURVEY
TACHEOMETRIC SURVEY
PHOTOGRAMMETRIC SURVEY
EDM
CHAIN SURVEYING
Dumpy level
Tilting level
Auto level
TACHEOMETRIC SURVEY
A special type of theodolite known as tachometer is
used to determine Horizontal and vertical distance
indirectly.
PHOTOGRAMMETRIC SURVEY
Photogrammetric is the sciences of taking
measurement with the help of the photographs taken
by aerial camera from the air craft.
EDM
1. Field Work
2. Office Work
Locating details of the survey with respect to the stations and lines
between stations, details such as boundary lines, streets, roads, building,
streams, bridges, and other artificial feature of survey
Giving lines and elevations for great variety of construction work such as
building boundaries, roads, culverts, bridges, sewer and water supply
system
Surveying contours of land areas in which the field work involve both
horizontal and vertical control
Establishing parallels and perpendicular
Taking measurement to inaccessible point
Field Notes
Make note for each day’s work on the survey complete with a title of the
survey, date, weather condition, personnal of the crew and list of
equipment used
never erase. If mistake is made , rule one line through the incorrect value
and record the correction above the mistake
Numerical Values
All measurements such as length of lines, offsets, staff reading
and angles or directions.
Length measured to nearest 0.01m, 342.30m and not 342.3m
Record angle measurement 8030’20”
Sketches
Explanatory Notes
2. Office Work
1. Drafting
2. Computing
3. Designing