Definition
Rapid in onset
Short duration (lasting from few minutes to a few
days)
Exudation of fluid and plasma proteins
Accumulation of neutrophilic leukocytes
Causes of acute inflammation
Infections (bacterial, fungal)
Trauma
Tissue necrosis
Foreign bodies (dirt, splinters)
Immune reactions
Recognition of Microbes, necrotic cells and
foreign substances
Pattern recognition receptors
Cells like dendritic cells, phagocytes, epithelial cells
have receptors that are designed to sense the
presence of infectious pathogens and substances
released from dead cells.
1. Toll-like receptors (TLR)
2. Inflammasome
Toll-like receptors – microbial sensors
recognize products of bacteria, viruses and other
pathogens
Recognition of microbes
Transcription factor
Production of membrane proteins
(mediators of inflammation, antiviral cytokines)
Lymphocyte activation
Inflammasome – Multiprotein cytoplasmic
complex
recognizes products of dead cells, such as uric acid, crystals
and some microbial products
Triggering of inflammasome
Activation caspase-1
Cleavage of interleukin-1B
Leukocyte recruitment