Jean Watson’s

Philosophy and Science

Of Caring

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 BACKGROUND

Attended the Lewis

Gale School of Doctorate in
She earned her BSN
Nursing in Roanoke, educational
in in University of
Virginia from which psychology and
Colorado
she graduated . counseling
1940 1961 1961 1964 1966 1973
Moved to Colorado MSN in psychiatric-
Born in southern West
with her husband, mental health nursing
Virginia
Douglas
Accomplishments
01 Author and co-author 20 books

02 Fulbright Research Award in Sweden

The foundation of Jean Watson’s theory of

03 nursing was published in 1979 :”The philosophy
and science of caring”

04 In 1988, her theory was published in “ nursing:

human science and human care”
Accomplishments
05 Jean Watson founded and directs the non-profit
Watson Caring Science Institute.

06 1993 National League for Nursing Martha E.

Rogers Award

07 Norman Cousins Award in 1999

08 In 2002 she published the book “Assessing and

measuring caring in nursing and health sciences”
Accomplishments
09 Holds 10 honorary Doctoral Degrees including
International honorary Doctorates 10 holistic
nurse of the year

10 Past president of National League of Nursing

11 Fellow of American Academy of nursing

12 Founding member of International Association

in Human Caring and International Caritas
Consortium
Accomplishments
13 In 2010 launched the Million nurse Global Caring
Field

14 October 2013 was inducted as a Living Legend by

the American Academy of Nursing

11

12
THEORY OF HUMAN CARING
 Evolution of Theory

The foundation The original

of her theory as theory included
first published 10 Carative
in 1979 Factors
BASIC ASSUMPTIONS OF THE THEORY
Caring can be effectively
demonstrated and practiced The practice of caring
only interpersonally. is central to nursing

Caring consists of carative

factors that results in the
satisfaction of certain
Caring is more “health
human needs.
organic” than is curing. A
science of caring is
Effective caring complementary to the science
promotes health and if curing.
individual or family
growth. A caring environment is one
Caring responses that offers the development of
accept person not only potential while allowing the
as he or she is now but person to chose the best
as what he or she may action for himself at a given
become. point in time.
 Major Elements of Watson’s Theory
The Ten Carative Factors

Transpersonal Caring Caring Occasion

Relationship
Nursing Conceptual Model of care
Carative Factor Caritas Process

-Guidelines the core -Caritas meaning

of nursing “to cherish”
Used to “honor the -The processes
human dimensions allow for the
05
of nursing’s intersecting of the
experiences of the personal and
people we serve” professional
aspects of nursing
care
Carative Factor
Formation of a humanistic-
01 altruistic system of values
02 Instillation of faith-hope
Cultivation of sensitivity to
03 one’s self and to others
Caritas Process
Practicing loving-kindness
and equanimity within
01 context of caring
consciousness.
Being authentically present
and enabling, and sustaining
02 the deep belief system and
subjective life world of self
and one-being cared for.
Cultivating one’s own
03 spiritual practices and
transpersonal self, going
beyond ego self.
Carative Factor
Development of a helping
04 helping-trusting, human
caring relationship
05 Promotion and acceptance of
the expression of positive
and negative feeling
Systemic use of a creative
06 problem-solving caring
process
Caritas Process
Developing and sustaining a
04 helping-trusting, authentic
caring relationship.
Being present to, and
supportive of the expression
05 of positive and negative
feelings.
Creatively using self and all
ways of knowing as part of
06 the caring process; engaging
in artistry of caring-healing
practices.
Carative Factor
Promotion of transpersonal
07 teaching-learning
Provision for a supportive,
protective and/or corrective
08 mental, physical, socio-
cultural and spiritual
environment
Assistance with the
09 gratification of human needs
Caritas Process
Engaging in genuine teaching-
learning experience that attends to
wholeness and meaning,
07 attempting to stay within other’s
frame of reference.
Creating healing environment at all
levels, whereby wholeness, beauty,
08 comfort, dignity, and peace are
potentiated.
Assisting with basic needs, with an
intentional caring consciousness,
administering ‘human care
09 essentials,’ which potentiate
alignment of mind-body-spirit,
wholeness in all aspects of care.
Carative Factor Caritas Process

Opening and attending to

Allowance for existential- mysterious dimensions of one’s
10 phenomenological- spiritual 10 life-death; soul care for self and
forces the one-being-cared for; “allowing
and being open to miracles.
The Transpersonal Caring Relationship
This portion of theory focuses on the
“the one caring and the one cared for.”
The nurse and patient can develop a
deep divine relationship that blends and
promotes overall health and well being.

Respect/”love” for the person—honoring

his/her needs, wishes, routines, and
rituals

Caring Consciousness of self as

person/nurse and other as person—
connection as human beings

The nurse should be using her

professional experience to promote
healing and bonding with the patient.
Caring Occasion/Caring Moment
This portion of theory focuses on an
actual tangible moment in time in which
the nurse recognizes the connection that
developed between him/ herself and the
patient. This moment dictates the ability
for the nurse to have an overall impact
on the patient
When two people, each with their own
“phenomenal field”/background come
together in a human-to-human
transaction

Implementation of nursing actions

 Four Major Concepts

PERSON HEALTH
A valued person in and of him or Overall physical. Mental and social
herself is to be care for, respected, functioning, adaptability and the
nurtured, understood, and assisted. absence of illness.
A B

C D NURSING
A human science of persons and
ENVIRONMENT human health-illness experiences
Caring exists in all societies and is that are mediated by professional,
passed by the profession as a personal, scientific, esthetic, and
unique way of coping with the ethical human transactions..
environment..
 “Too often we underestimate
the power of a touch, a smile,
a kind word, a listening ear,
an honest compliment, or the
smallest act of caring, all of
which have potential to turn a
life around.”