Unit 5

Rajmanova R
Gas turbine
Main components of gas turbine unit
compressor
 Combustion chamber
• Formulation of relative mixture
• Ignition
• Flame propagation
• Cooling of combustion product with air
cc
cc
 Case
• Outer shell of the combustor
• Serves as a pressure vessel,( withstands
pressure difference between inside high
pressure and low outside pressure )
• Subjected to high thermal load
 Diffuser
• High speed and compressed flow is reduced to
a optimum level for proper combustion
• Designed in such a way to produce optimum
pressure and avoid boundary layer separation
 Liner
• It contains combustion and introduce air
through different regions
• Made of super alloys to withstand high
temperature
• Liner cooling is required
• 3 regions
– Primary holes ( primary air – used for combustion)
– Intermediate holes ( used for cooling)
– Dilution holes –cooling
liner
 Snout
• Separate primary air form secondary air
• Extension of dome
 Dome /swirler
• Create turbulence for rapid mix of fuel and air
• Produce low pressure zone to create
recirculation
 Fuel injector
• Injects fuel into combustion zone along with
swirl
 working
• Primary zone – 15-20% of air combine with fuel
to produce better mix and combustion.
• Primary air passes through swirler to produce
vortex( recirculation) and produce low pressure
zone . This vortex will cause reversal of flow.
• Secondary zone : 30% of air supplied here , if not
additional cold air is required and it will reduce
the rate of reaction.
• Tertiary zone : 50% of air
cc
Turbine
 Turbine
• High temperature and pressure gas is
expanded and rotes the turbine blade
• Heat energy is converted into mechanical
energy
• further mechanical is converted electrical
energy
Open cycle gt
 Open cycle gt
• Turbine and compressor are connected to a
common shaft
• Air is drawn and compressed to a pressure of
300 to 400 N/m^2
• The compressed air is mixed with fuel to
produce combustion and heat energy
• The high temperature gas is expanded and
used to produce mechanical energy in turbine
• then combusted air released in atmosphere
Closed cycle GT
Semi closed
Optimum pressure ratio for maximum
specific work output
With considering machine efficiencies
GT inter cooling
GT reheated
GT reheated
cooling
cooling
cooling
cooling