WELL SITE GEOLOGY

Didi Melkybudiantoro

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Duties & Responsibilities

Supervision of “Formation Evaluation” contractors (Mud Logging
Geologists, MWD Logging Engineers, Wireline Logging Engineers,
Coring and Well Testing Personnel).

Logistics concerning the formation evaluation contractors and their

Equipment

Quality control of all evaluation results and logs prior to accepting the
data or logs from those contractors

Providing relevant correlation and well data to those contractors

during their operations.

Checking all reports and logs from the evaluation contractors prior to
sending them to oil company offices.

Wellsite interpretation of the formation evaluation data.

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Duties & Responbilities

(Continued)

Wellsite interpretation of the formation evaluation data.

Checking and occasionally approving and signing of service reports

and invoices of the formation evaluation contractors.

Keeping the drilling superintendent and operations geologist fully

informed of all formation evaluation operations.

Since teamwork is required, the geologist must work closely with the
drilling team (Company Man, Drilling Engineer, Toolpusher and Rig
Crews) providing advice when necessary to assist in safe, cost-effective
drilling and non-drilling operations.

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Wellsite Geology Preparation

Personal equipment, PPE, Medicines.

Drilling Program, Geological Prognosis, Logging Program, Sample Interval,

Coring Program, Survey Program.

Well correlation, Offset Well Data, Spider Map, Montage

Report Template: Geological, Sample Description, Core Description.

List of Contact Number.

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Wellsite Geologist Equipment

Rock color chart

Reference Books
Flashlight

Grain size
comparator

Loupe

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Mud Logging

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Mud Logging Sensor

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Drilling Parameter

ROP : Rate of Penetration ( min/m, ft/hrs )

RPM : Revolution Per Minute ( /min )

WOB : Weight On Bit ( Ton, Lbs )

Torque : ( Psi, ft-lbs )

Flow In : ( gpm )

Temperature : ( C, F )

Mud Weight : ( SG, PPG )

Gas : ( Unit, % )

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Lag Time

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Lag Time
(Continued)

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Gas Measurement

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Mud Log Process

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Cutting

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Cutting Description

Without Microscope
Identified dominan color (compare with color chart)
Identified various lithology that can easily recognize

Under Microscope
Determine relative percentage of those various lithology
Describe sample as per guidelines step by step
Note Significant detail (mineral, fossil, metal, LCM)

Under UV Box
Identified fluoresence (HC or natural mineral fluoresence)
Describe HC as per guidelines (if any)

Compare with Drilling Parameter

Compare sample with ROP, LWD curves and gas.

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Rock Classification

DUNHAM’S CARBONATE ROCKS CLASSIFICATION

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Rock Classification
(Continued)

FOLK’S CARBONATE ROCKS CLASSIFICATION

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Rock Classification
(Continued)
PETTIJOHN’S SANDSTONE CLASSIFICATION

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Roundness, sorting, percentage, grain size

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Cutting Description Guidelines

Each Litholoy should be accuratel describe, and that observations recorded
in the following orders:

Rock Type Some description need to add in certain

type of lithology
Color
Grain color (loose sand)
Hardness
Cutting shape (Coal, shale, pressure & Bit type effect)
Grain size, shape & surface
Fissility (Identified shale)
Sorting Luster (degree of coal maturity)
Cementation & Matrix Crystallinity (limestone)

Accessory mineral
Fossil & Unusual features
Visual porosity & Permeability
Note:
Don’t waste time to analyze all color, keep the
minor color in mind and see if became more

dominat in next depth

Hydrocarbon show indication

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Cutting Description Guidelines

(continued)

 SH: gy, gnshgy, sbplty-sbblky, modhad, britt, sb fiss, silty, carb mat i/p, sli calc.

 SLTST: gy-dkgy, sft-modhd, sbblky-sbplty, carb strk, sdy, calc.

 SST: clr, gy, sft-fri, sbrnd-sbang, vf-f gr, occ m gr, p-mod srt, qtz, min mafic, p vis por, calc cmt.
1-2% off cut pl yell fluo, no oil stain, v slo-slo blshwh, strm crush cut, tr oil show.

 LST: comm offwht, ltbrnm mdst-wkst, occ pkst, sft-modhd, occ vhd-dns, mic xln-xln, chky, dol
i/p, p-mod vis por, loc vug por, 1-3% of cut pl yell fluo, n oil stain, v slo-slo blshwh strmg cut, pl
yell res ring, tr oil show.

 Tuff: gn, brn, sft-modhd, mic frac filled calc, mic xln felds, dark min, qtz, sli calc.

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Hydrocarbon Evaluation

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Coring
Primarily a core allows quantitative measurements of the following:

Porosity - The volume of voids within a unit volume of rock.

Permeability - The quality of the connections between the voids.
Saturation - The composition of the fluids filling the voids.

Of a secondary importance is the additional information relating to

formation boundaries,
large scale sedimentary structures,
undisturbed paleontological data, and
the opportunity for uncontaminated geochemical sampling.

The two main reasons why coring takes place at the wellsite

1. Stratigraphically - the oil company will core a formation

(generally accomplished on development wells)

2. Hydrocarbon Shows - the oil company will core any formation

based upon unexpected hydrocarbon shows (generally done on
wildcat wells)

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Coring
(Continued)

Two types of coring operations are used:

Conventional (at the time of drilling)

1. Common in development or delineation wells

2. Core barrel may be of any length (30ft core is average), diameters range from 11/8” to 5”.
3. Wellsite Geologist's duties will involve seeing that the core is cut at the correct depth, that it is
Retrieved properly, described, packed and dispatched in an expedient and safe manner.
4. Hole problems may be encountered during coring (Lost Circulation, Kicks, Key Seats, Stuck Pipe)

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Coring
(Continued)

Side Wall Core (while wireline logging):

Sidewall coring is useful in paleontological work; for it is possible to get shale samples for micropaleo
analysis at definite depths, hydrocarbon show, porosity, permeability, saturation.

1. Percussion (CST)
1. Core sample (bullet) are less than 1” in diameter & up to 4” long, 30 bullet per gun.
2. Explosive required
3. Not as good as barrel cores for determining porosity, permeability or fluid saturations.
4. A quick, inexpensive.
5. Lithology: Shale, Siltsotone, sandstone

2. Rotary (MSCT)
1. Mechanical & hydraulic system.
2. More than Percussion for determining porosity, permeability or fluid saturations
3. Expensive.
4. Lithology: Limestone, consolidated sandstone, volcanic.

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WELL LOGGING OPERATION

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WELL LOGGING
“Well logging, also known
as borehole logging is the
practice of making a detailed record
(a well log) of
the geologic formations penetrated
by a borehole. The log may be
based either on visual inspection of
samples brought to the surface
(geological logs) or on physical
measurements made by
instruments lowered into the hole
(geophysical logs).”

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TUJUAN WELL LOGGING

 Shallow HC/gas?
 Mechanical Rock Properties
 Bentuk dan arah lubang bor
 Informasi lithologi dan stratigrafi
 Interpretasi struktur geologi
 Interpretasi lingkungan pengendapan
 Asesmen potensi source rock
 Kualitas reservoir
 Tekanan formasi
 Sample fluida dan batuan
 HC BEARING RESERVOIRS
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OPERASI WELL LOGGING

 Online to surface
 Electric Wireline Logging (EWL)
 Tough Logging Condition (TLC)
 Logging While Drilling (LWD)
 Offline to surface
 Slickline Logging
 Trough Tubbing/Coiled Tubing Logging

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WIRELINE LOGGING

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LOGGING WHILE DRILLING

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COILED TUBING LOGGING

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WELL LOGGING COMPANY

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STEP AKUISISI LOGGING Logging Unit

1. Hold JSA
2. Rig up
3. Make up toolstring
4. Op check
5. RIH to 50m Conductor
Wireline
6. Load RA source (if needed)
7. Down Log to TD
8. POOH for Main Log from TD Looging Tool

9. Repeat Section 100m

10.Unload RA source
11.Rig down tool string

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OPEN HOLE LOGGING TOOLS

 Triple Combo
 Resistivity (+ SP)
 Density & Neutron Porosity (+ Caliper)
 Gamma-Ray
 Sonic
 Borehole Imager
 Seismic Profiling
 Core Taker (Side Wall Core)
 Reservoir Fluid Tester & Sampling
 Magnetic Resonance (NMR)
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TRIPLE COMBO HGNS

Highly Integrated
GR
24 in.

Gamma Ray
Neutron N
Sonde 24 in.

Electronics
cartridge

 b, P e
HRMS 16 in., 8 in., 2 in.

High-Resolution
Mechanical
Sonde Rxo, hmc
2 in.

Array
Induction
Imager
Tool
High-Resolution
Azimuthal
Laterlog Rt
Sonde 12 in.

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SONIC

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BOREHOLE IMAGER

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SEISMIC PROFILING

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CORE TAKER

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RESERVOIR FLUID TESTER

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MAGNETIC RESONANCE

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CASED HOLE LOGGING TOOLS

 Cement Bound Evaluation
 Cement Bound Log
 Ultra Sonic Imager
 Wireline Perforation
 Production Logging

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CEMENT BOND LOG

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WIRELINE PERFORATION

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PRODUCTION LOGGING

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 TERIMAKASIH

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