ENERGY

Energy
 the ability to do work.
EFW
 Work= Force x Distance
(W=F x D)
*Unit of measurement--- J Joules (N x m)
 Work is done if there’s a displacement/

movement ; and force and displacement/

distance are in the same direction.
 Ex: 1. pushing a chair (work is done)
F → 50N
D→ 2m 2. pushing a tree/wall
W= F x D (No work is done
= 50 N x 2 m because there’s no
W = 100 N-m (100 J) movement)
KINDS OF ENERGY:
 Kinetic Energy (KE)
-is energy in motion
-E of moving object)
ex: flowing water, running horse
 Potential Energy (PE)
-is energy at rest (due to its position)
-stored energy
-E of stationary/not moving objects
ex: water in a glass, ice cream
in a cone, rock on top of a hill
 Forms of Energy:
1. Chemical Energy (CE)
- stored E, not moving object (fuel, food)
2. Mechanical Energy (ME)
- moving object (machines, rolling ball)
3. Electrical Energy (EE)
- moving electrons
4. Sound Energy (SE)
- vibrating objects ( barking dog)
5. Heat Energy (HE)
- moving molecules
6. Radiant Energy (RE)
a. Solar E (UV Rays/Sunlight)
b. Light E (visible light)- light bulbs
c. Infrared Rays
d. X-rays
e. Radiation
7. Nuclear Energy (NE) - inside the nucleus of an atom
(bombs, dynamite, fire works)
Law of Conservation of Energy
“Energy is neither created nor
destroyed, it is only changed
from one form to another.”
 Energy Transformation
 Sun – main source of energy
Ex:washing machine ( EE to ME)
barking dog (CE to SE)
Television (EE to LE,HE,SE)
 Sources of Energy:
1. Renewable (unlimited)
- sources that can be replaced within a
short time after we use them (can’t be
readily replaceable/replenished)
a. Solar (sun)
b. Water
c. Tide (waves)
d. Geothermal Energy (steam/vapor)
e. Wind
f. biofuel/biomass –from living things
- trees, sugarcane(alcogas), bagasse,
rice husks, and coconut husks,
bacteria
2. Non-renewable (limited)
-- sources that we are using faster
than they can replaced (can’t be
readily replaceable/replenished)
a. fossil fuels (remains of plants
and animals)
- petroleum products –diesel,
gasoline, kerosene, LPG,
paraffin, grease
- coal
- natural gas (methane)
b. nuclear energy
 Methods of Heat Transfer
 Heat energy or thermal energy is the energy
present due to the motion of its molecules.
 Heat always transfers, travels, or flows
from a high temperature to a low
temperature(hot to cold).
1. Conduction – is the transfer of heat
between substances that are in direct
contact with each other.
o The better the conductor, the more rapidly
heat will transfer.
o Metals are good conductors of heat.

o Solids (fastest) Liquid (faster) Gas (fast)

2.Convection – is the up and down
movement of gases and liquids caused by
heat transfer. (sinking of dense ,cold
gas/liquid and rising of less dense, hot
gas/liquid).
3.Radiation – is a method of heat transfer in
which energy is transmitted by waves
through space. (no direct contact)
o When the radiant energy strikes a body
where it is absorbed, the body becomes
hot.
 The three methods of heat transfer can be
observed when boiling water in a beaker.
Heatallows us to do work
(cook food, etc.); causes phase
change; causes expansion and
contraction; and causes
chemical change
(combustion/burning).
Me and Energy
Draw and trace a flame in ¼
short bond paper and write
on it your experiences about
energy and some safety
measures that you should
observe to prevent fire. Color
your work with red color.