TIMER BASED SOLAR

TRACKING SYSTEM
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2. OBJECTIVE :
The aim of our projects is to utilize the maximum solar energy
through solar panel. For this a digital based automatic sun tracking
system is proposed. This project helps the solar power generating
equipment to get the maximum sunlight automatically thereby
The aim of our project is to utilize the maximum solar energy through
increasing
solar the
panel . efficiency of automatic
For this a Digital based the system. The
sun tracking system is solar panel tracks the
sun fromproposed.
eastThis toproject
west helps automatically for maximum
the solar power generating equipment to intensity of light.
get the maximum sunlight automatically thereby increasing the
efficiency of theTo fabricate
system. a panel
The solar DC tracks
motor thecontrol interfaced
sun from east to with
To fabricate a DC driver
motor
west automatically control
for maximum interfaced
intensity of
circuit light. with driver circuit.
To construct a model prototype solar cell movement system with a
mechanical assemble to move the panel from 180⁰ E to W.
To design an electronic circuit to sense the intensity of light and to control
DC motor driver for the panel movement.
To construct an emergency light inverter circuit i.e. to operate tube light
with the help of charged battery from the solar panel
Block Diagram
Component Used:
Solar Panel
Diodes
Voltage Regulator
8051 series Microcontroller
DC Motor
Motor driver IC

Software Requirements
Keil compiler
Languages: Embedded C
 LED

LE
D

Light Emitting
Diode
 Solar Panel
.
Working of Solar Panel

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC ARRAY

The solar photovoltaic array consists of an appropriate

number of solar cells connected in series and or parallel to
provide the required current and voltage.

The array is so oriented as to collect the maximum solar radiation

throughout the year.
 Working of Solar Panel cont..
The solar energy can be directly converted into electrical energy by
means of photovoltaic effect, i.e. conversion of light into
electricity. Generation of an electromotive force due to absorption of
ionizing radiation is known as photovoltaic effect.

The energy conversion devices which are used to convert

sunlight to electricity by use of the photovoltaic effect are called solar
cells.

Photovoltaic cells are made of semiconductors that generate

electricity when they absorb light. As photons are received, free
electrical charges are generated that can be collected on contacts
applied to the surfaces of the semiconductors by separating electrons
from their parent atoms and accelerating them across a one way
electrostatic barrier formed by the function between two different types
of semiconductor material.
Arduino UNO:
Features of Arduino UNO
4V 1 Ah DC Battery
 Use of DC Battery

The simplest means of storage on a smaller

moderate scale is in electric storage batteries,
especially as solar cells produce the direct
electric current required for battery charging. The
stored energy can then be delivered as electricity
upon discharge.
Pin Diagram of 8051 Microcontroller

. 
 DESCRIPTION
L293D is a dual H-bridge motor driver integrated
circuit (IC).
In its common mode of operation, two DC motors
can be driven simultaneously, both in forward and
reverse direction.
The motor operations of two motors can be
controlled by input logic at pins 2 & 7 and 10 & 15.
Input logic 00 or 11 will stop the corresponding
motor. Logic 01 and 10 will rotate it in clockwise and
anticlockwise directions, respectively.
Enable pins 1 and 9 (corresponding to the two
motors) must be high for motors to start operating.
When an enable input is high, the associated driver
gets enabled
 DC- MOTOR
A DC motor is an electric motor that runs on
direct current (DC) electricity. In any electric
motor, operation is based on simple
electromagnetism.
A simple 2-pole DC electric motor (here red
represents a magnet or winding with a "North"
polarization, while green represents a magnet or
winding with a "South" polarization).
Every DC motor has six basic parts -- axle, rotor
(a.k.a., armature), stator, commutator, field
magnet(s), and brushes.
 Advantages

Maximum Solar Power can be use.

No need for changing orientation.
 Disadvantages

In case system failure loss of power generation.

Extra maintenance for motors.
 Conclusion

In this project we track sun light in accordance

with our panel movement by using DC motor and
8051 microcontroller, so that we are able get
maximum amount of solar energy.
Any Query
????
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Thank You...

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