Bed: Population = A x S x 100

365 x PO

A= number of inpatient admissions/1000 population/year

S= average length of stay
PO= percentage occupancy

Rumusan yang sederhana :

Bed : Population = 1 : 1.000
Contoh:
- Pijay 132.000 Jiwa, total = 132 bed
Area Sq .ft / bed
Nursing unit 250-280
Nursery 12-18
Delivery suite 15-20
Operation theatre 30-50
Physical medicine 12-18
Radiology 25-35
Laboratory 25-35
Pharmacy 4-6
CSSD 8-25
Dietary 25-35
Medical record 8-15
Area Sq .ft / bed
House keeping 4-5
Contoh :
Laundry 12-18 untuk 100 Bed memerlukan
Mechanical installation 50-75 luasan bangunan maximal =

Maintenance work shop 4-6 891 x 100 Bed = 89.100 Sq.ft

= 8.277 m2
Stores 25-35
Bila merujuk pada buku
Public areas 8-10 pedoman Teknis Sarana dan
Staff facilities 10-15 Prasaran RS Kls C yang
diterbitkan Kemenkes RI
Administration 40-50 thn 2010 hal. 8;
Kebutuhan Luas Lantai
Total 567-751
RSU Non Pendidikan saat
Circulation 115-751 ini disarankan 80 m2/ Bed/
Bed
Total net area 682-891
Zonasi RS menurut Pedoman
Kemenkes RI

Tingkat Privasi
Pelayanan
Resiko kegiatan
• Area resiko rendah • Area Publik • Zona Pel. Medik dan
• Area resiko sedang • Area semi Publik Perawatan
• Area resiko tinggi • Area Privat • Zona Penunjang dan
• Area resiko sgt tinggi Operasional
• Zona Umum dan Adm
Zonasi RS Pengembangan
dari Zonasi Pelayanan.
Visitasi Kelas/ izin RS
 1. Informasi/ penamaan UGD/ RS yang jelas
2. Bahagian dan alur, sesuai dgn pedoman Teknis.
Resisutasi
Tindakan Bedah
Masuk UGD Triase Observasi
Tindakan Non Bed.
Tindakan Anak & Keb.
Operating Theatre Design

A basic introduction to the design features of

modern operating theatres and working
principles
Theatre Design Issues

 Building construction (wall and floor material)

 Heat, light, power, water & drain requirements
 Access – staff, patients & equipment
 Ventilation
 Support facilities (ancillary rooms and supplies)
The Operating Theatre (room)
The Built Environment

Patient Exit

Theatre A.R.
Or
Operating Room
Scrub

“Dirty” Prep.

Disposal
“Traffic Patterns”

Exit

A.R.

Theatre

Scrub

“Dirty” Prep.
“Traffic Patterns”
Patients

Exit
A.R.

Theatre

Scrub

“Dirty” Prep.
“Traffic Patterns”
Equipment
Exit

A.R.

Theatre

Scrub

“Dirty” Prep.
“Traffic Patterns”

Exit

A.R. Patients

Theatre

Scrub

“Dirty” Prep. Staff

Equipment/instruments
 Pressure Gradients
Highest Lowest

A.R.
Theatre
(“clean”)
Scrub Pressure
dampers

“Dirty” Prep.

Intention = Air flow is from “clean” to “dirty”

 Theatre Air Conditioning

“Ideal” conditions *-

Temperature- 18 to 23 OC
Humidity - 50 to 60%
Air Changes - 20 per hour
* Note -
Conditions may be varied due to patient requirements.
Air changes shown are minimum standard.
Target Humidity in normal temperature ranges is 55%
 Theatre Air Conditioning

a 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 b

a Air intake
1 Coarse filters
2 Fan
3 Heaters
4 Condensers
5 Filters
6 Heaters
7 Humidifiers
8 Attenuators
b Filtered, humidified (conditioned) air
 1 change / hr : contamination reduced by 60%
 2 change / hr : contamination reduced by 86%
 10 change / hr : contamination reduced by 99%

Turbulant / mixing air disritribution Downword displacement piston system

Unidirectional airflow system / lamellar flow

ventilation
 Theatre Air Conditioning

The Plenum System

Airflow is downward from ceiling, exiting at floor

vents (or through open doors)
 Theatre Air Conditioning
Laminar flow systems

Additional airflow - up to 200 changes per hour.

Laminar flow systems (cont.)
Ceiling Vents of Laminar Flow System
 Quick summary

 Operating Department (Theatres)

 Ideally located near to surgical wards, CSSD, ICU
 Design should allow for one way traffic and prevent
return flow of contaminants into clean areas
Scrub room - For hand washing
Incorrect Correct

Should be a
window that can be
viewed directly into
the Theatre
Prep / instrument room

Sometimes
situated off
the
Operating
room.
Storage of
instruments
& supplies
The Operating Room (Theatre)
Focal point of
surgical process

• Floor- should be
smooth and seamless,
non-porous, and
constructed of
fireproof materials.
• Walls- should be hard,
non-porous, fire
resistant, stain proof,
seamless, and
easy to clean.
Anaesthetic Room

 Reception &
preparation of
patient
 Induction of
anaesthesia
Rest/coffee room

• Does exactly what it

says on the tin!
• A place to relax.
• Beware of careless
conversations!
• Patient
confidentiality still
applies
FUNCTIONS & ACTIVITIES
Rinsing

Receipt cleaning

Issue &
Drying
Distribution
CSSD

Storage
checking

sterilizatio
Labelling
n
Cleaning Zone

Storage
Zone

Preparation /
Packing Zone
Cleaning
Store instruments in a clean, dry environment in a manner that maintains
the integrity of the package
The physical storage conditions are designed to maintain the sterility of
processed items in relation to temperature, relative humidity, and relative
pressure
ICU/ ICCU
 RADIOLOGY DEPARTMENT
The various equipments in use are-
1. X- ray Machines
2. Ultrasound Machine
3. Doppler Machine
4. Computer assisted Tomography (CAT Scan)
5. Magnetic Resources Imaging (MRI)
6. Position Emission Tomography (PET)
7. Mammography
8. Nuclear Imaging System
ACCESSORIES -Cassettes
-X-ray, CT, MRI films
-Dyes, Apron, Gloves
-Hangers, Clips etc
FLUROSCOPY ULTRA SOUND MAMO GRAPHY

CT_ SCAN MRI BONE DENSITO METER

Costing
In a Modern General Hospital the
equipping cost is around 40% of total
project cost.
(a) 20% is invested on mechanical
and electrical installations
(b) 20% is invested on medical
equipments
Ref: Mr.Mahboob Ali Khan- MHA CPHQ USA HARVARD UNIVERSITY