3D PRINTING

Submitted by
GOUTHAM R
CONTENTS
 Introduction
 History
 Main components of 3D Printing
 General principles
 Flow chart
 How does it works?
 Current 3D Printing technologies
 3D Printing Materials
 Applications
 Future Scope
 Advantages and disadvantages
 Conclusion
INTRODUCTION
 3D Computer graphics which are using 3 diamensional
representation of geometric data
 3D printing is a phrase used to describe the process of
creating 3 diamensional objects from digital file using a
materials printer,in a manner similar to printing images on
paper
HISTORY
 1984 -Created by CHUCK HULL-Stereolithography
 1990-Layer by layer technology
 1990-Used in medicne
 2000-First part of human such as ears,fingers….etc
 2005 – Open source
 2008-Bio 3D printing ,atom by atom printing
 2011-Print first Robotic Aircraft ,first car and jewelery
items.
Main components of 3D printing
 Print Bed(Tray)
This is the flat surface where the 3D models are layered during printing.The print bed may be
ambient or heated depending on the filament types used in the printer.Heated print beds are used
to keep the printed section of the printed section of the print warm during the layerig process to
prevent warping.
 Extruder
The extruder is the part that thrusts out and feeds the plastic filament (or any other filament) into
the ‘hot-end’. Extruders are typically incorporated into the hot-end, however in some types it can
be remote, pushing the filament through a tube, called a Bowden cable, into the hot-end. In some
types a dual extruder is used, which provides the ability to print two different materials at the same
time. This added feature result in increased price, as it requires an extra extruder, and hot end.
 Hot-end
The hot-end is composed of a heat source, a temperature sensor, and an extrusion tip where plastic
filament is fed though to deposit molten material, it is often confused with the extruder. The hole in
the slot may range in size, typically between 0.2mm and 0.8mm. The smaller the nozzle, the more
detailed the print, but the longer it takes for the thinner layers to stack up.

 Filament
The filament is the input material which is formulated as a 3D solid object by the printer. Like an
inkject inject ink, a 3D printer emits melted filament.
 General Principles

1 Modeling:
It takes virtual blueprints from modeling software and “slices” them into digital cross-
section for the meachine to successively use as a guideline for printing
2. Printing:
To perform a print , the meachine reads the design from an .stl file and lays down
successive layers of liquid ,powder ,paper or sheet material to build the model from a
series of cross section
3 Finishing:
Get the current product to user
Flowchart
How does it works?
 Current 3D printing technologies

1 Selective Laser Sintering(SLS)

2 Stereolithography

3 Fused Deposition Modeling(FDM)

1 Selective Laser Sintering(SLS)
It is an additive manufacturing technique that uses a high power laser (for
eg.CO2 laser) to fuse small particles of plastic,metal,ceramic or glass
powders into a mass that has a desired 3D shapes.
2 Stereolithography
It is an additive manufacturing process that works by focusing an
ultraviolet(UV)laser on to a vat of photopolymer resin
3 Fused Deposition Modeling(FDM)
It build parts layer-by-layer from the bottom up by heating and extruding
thermoplastic filament .Used for modeling prototyping and production
applications.
3D Printing Materials
1. Plastic Filament
* Acrylonitrile Butadine Styrene(ABS)
* PLA (Polylactic Acid) or Poly(Polyactide)
* Flexible Plastic(TPE)
* Nylon
2 Metals
* Bronze,Platinum,Silver and Gold
* Steel
* Aluminium
 Applications
1 Concept Modeling
Small design and Engineering firms.

2 Functional Prototyping
Creating amazingly realistic prototypes
Eg. Lamborghini,new flagship model Aventador
3 ManufactuingTools
4 End-User Parts
5 Food
6 Fashion & Retail
7 Medical
Future Scope
 Complex Engine parts
 Aircraft wings

 Design your own Clothes

 Print your home

Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages

 Manufacturing complexity is free: In traditional subtractive manufacturing,

complicated designed object’s shape are more difficult to make. On a 3D printer,
complex or simple objects requires the same effort.
 Ability to customize products: A single 3D printer can make many shapes, in
contrast to traditional manufacturing machines which are much less versatile and can
only make things in a limited range of shapes.
 No assembly required: 3D printing produces interlocked parts. In modern factories,
machines produce identical components that are later assembled by robots or human
workers. Complicated designed objects include many parts, which takes a longer time to
assemble and the more expensive cost to make.
 Zero skill manufacturing: Traditional manufacturing machines still demand a skilled
expert to adjust and calibrate them however, a 3D printer gets most of its guidance from
a design file. To make an object of equal complexity, a 3D printer requires less operator
skill than does a traditional subtractive machine hence less money and cost.
 Compact, portable manufacturing
 Less waste by-product: 3D printers create less waste by-product than do traditional
metal manufacturing techniques therefore, educing losses and increasing the efficiency.
 Low cost of production
Disadvantages

 Decrease in Manufacturing Jobs: This con is controversial, as with all new

technologies, manufacturing jobs will decrease. This disadvantage can have a bad result to
the economies of third world countries that depend on a large number of low skill jobs.
 Limitation of row Materials: Any given printer can use only a specific material or a
narrow range of materials. So printing different products requires different printers or
modifications on a single printer.
 High cost at professional high level industrial applications.
 Copyright: With 3D printing, the printing of copyrighted products to create
counterfeit items will increase and nearly impossible to determine or prevent.
 Production of Dangerous Items: If everyone would be easily able to 3D print guns
and knives with his printer, without oversight, the violence rates will grow.
 Limitation of Size: Currently, 3D printers are limited with the size of the products
that they can create so to print larger more complicated objects one requires larger
printers hence higher cost.
 Cost of printers
Conclusion
 3D Printing is an expanding technology which may soon start
an industry in which everyone has the possibility of being a
manufacturer.
 3D Printing has a lot ofpossible benefits to society,although
the products created must be regulated.
Thank you