Human Issues

By :

 Heidy Diandra (052.18.043)
 Juwita Nadira (052.18.052)
 Marsyanda Joyo Putri (052.18.056)
 Melinda (052.18.057)
 Human Issues

 Functional
 Social
 Physical
 Physiological
 Psychological
 

Architecture is a social art. Architects respond to

most human needs, including accommodation, social
contact, and comfort. Architects are commissioned to
design something that human needs.
 The human issues of
architecture

 The functional activities to be housed.
 The social relationships to be maintained
 The physical characteristics and needs of the users.
 The physiological characteristics and needs of the
users.
 The psychological characteristics and needs of the
users.
 Functional

a successful building must allow the intended
activities to be accommodated. Sometimes the
activities are very simple. For example, the Lincoln
Memorial by Henry.
Another example is the Dulles Airport by Eero
Saarinen. In this case, a very thorough review of major
airport design during programming revealed that the

long walks between boarding areas result in
considerable human discomfort and angst, as people
scurry to their next flight with hands full of luggage
and children.
 Social

 Only a few functional activities in a building can be
accomplished by only one individual. In most cases a
group or interacting groups of people combine
efforts to accomplish a task. The programmer must
learn how such groups work together.
 
 The designer needs to know the preferred way to
communicate in a group.
 The designer also needs to know the social
relationships that will help the participants
accomplish their objectives most effectively.
 For example of respons to social issues is the Lake
Anne Village Center in the new town of Reston,
Virginia,which was designed by William conklin to

ensure ample exterior reaction, socialization,
meeting, and pedestrian circulation areas that are
completely separated from the automobile
circulation of the community (Fig. 3-15 and 3-16)
 Physiological

Information about human physiology may seem a very
unlikely concern for programming or architectural design,
but in some case it is not. The elderly, for example, may
have very special needs resulting from sensory losses .
First Net Senior Housing by Paisano Green Community.
 Psychological

 There is an increasing body of information on the
psychological needs of people in buildings and urban
areas.
 It is the architectural programmer’s responsibility to
conduct a suitable survey of the literature so as to be
able to advise the client and the designer of important
psychological issues with the design.
 Physical

 The physical characteristics of the occupants can
have a profound influence on the form of a
building. Special user needs of all kinds are
encountered in architectural problem.
 Bibliography

Hersberger, Robert G.2015 (1999). Architectural
Programming and Predesign Manager.spain:routledge
 Summary
 Architecture is a social art.

 A successful building must allow the intended activities to be
accommodated
 The programmer must learn how such groups work together
 Information about human physiology may seem a very unlikely
concern for programming or architectural design, but in some
case it isn’t
 It is the architectural programmers responsibility to conduct a
suitable survey of the literature so as to be advised the client
and the designer of important phycological issues with the
design
 The physical characteristics of the occupants can have a
profound influence on the form of a building.
For listening….