RIGID PAVEMENT

ANALYSIS
RIGID PAVEMENTS
 Rigid pavements are constructed of Portland
cement concrete
 The first concrete pavement was built in
Bellefontaine, Ohio in 1893
 Flexural stress in concrete has long been
considered as a major, or even the only,
design factor
WESTERGAARD’S ANALYSIS BASED
ON LIQUID FOUNDATION
 Westergaard developed equations due to
temperature curling and three cases of
loading:
1. Load applied near the corner of a large slab
2. Load applied near the edge of a large slab
but at a considerable distance from any
corner
3. Load applied at the interior of a large slab
at a considerable distance from any edge
ASSUMPTIONS OF
WESTERGAARD’S ANALYSIS
1. The reactive pressure between the slab and
the subgrade at any point , independent of
the deflections at any other points. This
type of foundation is called LIQUID or
WINKLER FOUNDATION
2. The slab and the subgrade were in full
contact
PICKETT’S ANALYSIS BASED ON
SOLID FOUNDATIONS
 The actual subgrade behave more like an
elastic solid than a dense liquid
 Pickett developed solutions for concrete
slabs on an elastic half -space
FAILURE CRITERIA IN RIGID
PAVEMENTS
 FATIGUE CRACKING: This is most likely
caused by the edge stress at the mid slab
 PUMPING: It is defined as the ejection of
water and subgrade soil through joints,
cracks ad along the edges of the pavement
 OTHER CRITERIA: This include faulting,
spalling and joint deterioration
STRESSES AND DEFLECTIONS IN
RIGID PAVEMENTS
 STRESSES DUE TO CURLING
 STRESSES AND DEFLECTION DUE TO
LOADING
 STRESSES DUE TO FRICTION
STRESSES DUE TO CURLING
 During the day when the temp. on the top of
the slab is greater than the bottom, the top
tends to expand with respect to the neutral
axis while bottom tends to contract. Thus
compressive stresses are induced at the top
and tensile stresses at the bottom. In the
night vice-versa happens.
STRESSES DUE TO LOADING
 Three methods can be used to determine
the stresses and deflections in concrete
pavements:
1. Closed-form formulas
2. Influence charts
3. Finite-element computer programs
STRESSES DUE TO FRICTION
 The friction between a concrete slab and its
foundation causes tensile stresses in the
concrete, in the reinforcement (if any) and
in the tie bars.
 For plain concrete pavements the spacing
between contraction joints must be so
chosen that the stresses due to friction will
not cause concrete to crack.
TYPES OF FOUNDATIONS
LIQUID SOLID LAYER
Also called as Also called as Also called as
Winkler Bossinesq Burmister
foundation foundation foundation
Similar to the case A solid foundation In Burmister theory
where a slab is is more realistic load is distributed over
a circular area, but can
placed on an than a liquid easily be converted to a
infinite number of foundation. concentrated load by
springs. letting the radius of
The stiffness of The deflection at any contact approach zero
foundation is defined nodal point depends
by k=p/w on the forces at all
nodes
 KENPAVE COMPUTER PROGRAM

FOR FLEXIBLE FOR RIGID

PAVEMENTS PAVEMENT
KENSLABS
•General
•Curling
•Slab
•Uniform
•Raft
•Optional
•Foundati
on
•Adjust
•Joint
•Damage
GENERAL INPUT DATA IN KENSLAB
PROGRAM DESCRIPTION
 KENSLABS, together with its input program
SLABSINP and graphic program SGRAPH and
CONTOUR, is a part of s computer package called
KENPAVE
 At present it can be applied to max. of 6 slabs, 7 joints
and 420 nodes
 Each slab can have max. of 15 nodes in both X & Y
directions
 Damage analysis can be made by dividing each year
into a max. of 12 periods
CAPABILITIES
1. Shear & moment transfer across the joints can be
analyzed
2. The modulus of rigidity for determining the stiffness of
the slabs is computed for both bonded and unbounded
layers
3. The effect of temperature curling and the gap between
slab and foundation, on the stresses and deflection can
be analyzed
4. The contact condition can be automatically evaluated by
iterations
5. The program can analyze slabs on liquid, solid or layer
foundation
LIMITATIONS
 The program does not permit the use of infinitely stiff
joints, where the rotations or deflections on two sides of
the joints are equal
 The use of rectangular elements severely limits the size of
elements to be employed. The limitation that the length –
width ratio of any element be not greater than 4 or 5
requires a lot of elements to be used throughout the slab
system
 The program can determine only the stresses in the
concrete slabs and the deflections of the slab and the
foundation. The stresses in the solid or layer foundation
cannot be determined
Thank you…