Design and Implementation 16 BIT

REVERSIBLE LOGIC ALU with 15-

Operations
 abstract
• Reversible logic is one of the emerging technologies having
promising applications in quantum computing. This project
will deal with the design of a 16 bit reversible Arithmetic
Logic Unit (ALU) with 15 operations is presented by making
use of Double Peres gate, Fredkin gate, Toffolli gate, DKG
gate and NOT gate. A new VLSI architecture for ALU using
reversible logic gates is proposed. ALU is one of the most
important components of CPU that can be part of a
programmable reversible computing device such as a
quantum computer. A first single bit reversible ALU and
second single bit ALU are designed and Then 16 single bit
ALU’s are cascaded together taking carry out of ALU
performing LSB operation as an input to carry in of ALU
performing next LSB operation.
 Introduction
• Design of a control unit for any computing unit
is the toughest part and involves more critical
constraints. Power consumption is an
important issue in modern day VLSI designs.
• The advancement in VLSI designs and
particularly portable device technologies and
increasingly high computation requirements,
lead to the design of faster, smaller and more
complex electronic Systems
Cont.…
• The advent of multi-giga-hertz processors,
high-end electronic gadgets bring with them
an increase in system complexity, high density
packages and a concern on power
concumption
• Power optimization can be done at various
abstraction levels in CMOS VLSI design.
 ALU
• In computing, an arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) is a
digital circuit that performs arithmetic and logical
operations.
• Mathematician John von Neumann proposed the ALU
concept in 1945.
• . The processors found inside modern CPUs and
graphics processing units (GPUs) accommodate very
powerful and very complex ALUs;
 Cont.…
• Most of a processor's operations are performed by
one or more ALUs. An ALU loads data from input
registers. Then an external control unit tells the ALU
what operation to perform on that data, and then the
ALU stores its result into an output register.
• Engineers can design an Arithmetic Logic Unit to
calculate most COMPLEX operations SO ALU takes
more space in a cpu and it concumes more power.
 Cont.…
• Therefore engineers make the ALU powerful
enough to make the processor fast yet not so
complex as to become prohibitive.
• Ex: ALU takes single step to calculate the
square root of any number.
 REVERSIBLE GATES
• Reversible computing is a model of computing
where the computational process to some
extent is reversible, i.e., time-invertible.
• A necessary condition for reversibility of a
computational model is that the relation of
the mapping states of transition functions to
their successors should at all times be one-to-
one
 Reversible circuits
• Reversible logic circuits have been first
motivated in the 1960
• More generally, reversible gates have the
same number of inputs and outputs.
• To implement reversible computation,
estimate its cost, and to judge its limits, it is
formalized it in terms of gate-level circuits
 Cont.…
• For example, the inverter (logic gate) (NOT)
gate is reversible because it can be undone
• . The exclusive or (XOR) gate is irreversible
because its inputs cannot be unambiguously
reconstructed from an output value
 Cont.…
• 1. NOT Gate
• The Reversible 1*1 gate is NOT Gate with zero
Quantum Cost is as shown in the Fig. 1.
 Cont.…
• In the design of reversible logic circuits the
following points must be considered to
achieve an optimized circuit. They are
• Fan-out is not permitted.
• Loops or feedbacks are not permitted
• Garbage outputs must be minimum
• Minimum delay
• Minimum quantum cost.
 SOME OF REVERSIBLE GATES:
• Fredkin gate
• The Fredkin gate (also CSWAP gate) is a
computational circuit suitable for reversible
computing, invented by Ed Fredkin. It is universal,
which means that any logical or arithmetic operation
can be constructed entirely of Fredkin gates. The
Fredkin gate is the three-bit gate that swaps the last
two bits if the first bit is 1.
 DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION
Reversible ALU’s
• The ALU that is proposed is 15-operations. There ALU
has 2 parts. 1st which has Double Peres Gate as base of
the circuit and is selected when select line s3 is zero.
The operations performed here are buffer, AND,
OR,NAND, NOR, EX-OR, and EX-NOR. 2nd part has DKG
Gate as base of the circuit and is selected when select
line s3 is one.
• The operations performed here are add, increment, 2’s
complement, set, subtract, decrement, not, and clear.
• The operations selected depending on various select
line are shown in the table
Cont.…
Block diagram of reversible ALU1
Block diagram of reversible ALU design 2:
Block diagram of reversible 16 bit ALU :
RTL SCHEMATIC
Cont.…
TECHNOLOGY SCHEMATIC
Cont.…
Design summary
Simulation Result for Top:tb:
Simulation Result for design1:
Simulation Result for design2:tb
Simulation Result for design2:
 CONCLUSION
• This 16-bit reversible Alu is designed and implemented
in Verilog using XILINX 14.4.
• The main aim of the design in this paper is improve the
ALU features by increasing it to 15-operations and
increase widthto 16-bit.
• For further research this ALU can be extended to 32-bit
and 64-bit and more features can also be added.
• This design is verified using Verilog which has
constrains of input to output one-way functionality, if
we can design the reversible logic circuit using tools
which support 2-way functionality the reversible logic
result can be simulated and analysed in much better.
Any quiries…..
thanq