Section 3 The arteries

I. The arteries of pulmonary circulation

1 Main trunk → right and left pulmonary
arteries
2 Arterial ligament : as the ductus arteriosus in
fetus
 II. The arteries of systemic circulation
(I) The aorta
Be divided into three parts:
ascending aorta ,
aortic arch ,
descending aorta
1. The ascending aorta (ascending part of aorta)
a. The course
b. Branches → coronary a.
2. The aortic arch
a. The course
b. Branches → from right to left
brachiocephalic trunk(innominated a. → right common
carotid a. and right subclavian a.)
left common carotid a.
left subclavian a.
3. The descending aorta (descending part of aorta)
a. The course
b. Two portions : thoracic a. and abdominal a.
 (II) The arteries of head and neck
Main trunk → the common carotid a.
 1. The common carotid a.
Carotid sinus : pressure-receptor
Carotid body: chemoreceptor
1) Internal carotid a.
2) External carotid a.
a. Course
b. Branches
① Superior thyroid a. → the superior laryngeal a.
② Lingual a.
③ Facial a.
④ Maxillary a. →middle meningeal artery
⑤ The superficial temporal a.
2. The subclavian a.
a. Course
b. Branches
vertebral a.
internal thoracic a.
thyrocervical trunk → inferior thyroid a.
suprascapular a.
Others, costocervical trunk and dorsal scapular a.
 （III）The arteries of thorax
Main trunk thoracic artery
1. Parietal branches :
posterior intercostal a.
subcostal a.
2. Visceral branches
 （IV）The arteries of abdomen
Main trunk abdominal artery
Parietal branches
Visceral branches
1. The parietal branches :
inferior phrenic a. superior suprarenal a.
lumbar a.
2. The visceral branches
■ Three pairs :
a. middle suprarenal a.
b. renal a.
c. testicular a.(in the male)
(ovarian a.in the female)
■ Three unpaired :
celiac trunk,
superior mesenteric a.
inferior mesenteric a.
a. The celiac trunk:
① The left gastric a.
② The common hepatic a.
proper hepatic a. → cystic a. and right gastric a.
gastroduodenal a. →right gastroepiploic a.
pancreaticoduodenal a.
③ The splenic a.
left gastroepiploic a.
short gastric a. .
b. The superior mesenteric a.
jejunal and ileal a.
ileocolic a. → the appendicular a.
right colic a.
middle colic a.
c. The inferior mesenteric a.
left colic a.
sigmoid a.
superior rectal a.
 （V）The arteries of pelvis
The common iliac a. → at the sacroiliac joint
internal iliac artery
external iliac artery.

1. The internal iliac a.

a.The parietal branches
obturator a.
superior and inferior gluteal a.
Others: ilio-lumbar a. and lateral sacral a.
b. The visceral branches
① umbilical a. → the superior vesical a.
② inferior vesical a.
③ rectal a.
④ uterine a.
⑤ internal pudendal a
2. The external iliac a. → inferior epigastric a.
 (VI) Arteries of axilla and upper limb

The axillary artery

↓
The brachial artery
↓
The radial a. and the ulnar a.
↓
The superficial palmar arch and
the deep palmar arch
1. The axillary artery
thoracoacromial a.
lateral thoracic a.
subscapular a.→ thoracodorsal a. and
circumflex scapular a.
posterior circumflex humeral a.
anterior circumflex humeral a.
2. The brachial artery→ deep brachial a.
3. The radial a.
muscular branches
superficial palmar branch
principal a. of thumb
4. The ulnar a.
muscular branches
common interossous a.
deep palmar branch
5. The superficial palmar arch
a. Formation:
terminal part of ulnar a.
superficial palmar branch of radial a.
b. Branches:
common palmar digital a. →proper palmar
digital a.
6. The deep palmar arch
a. Formation:
terminal part of radial a.
deep palmar branch of ulnar a.
b.Branches: palmar metacarpal a.
(VII) Arteries of lower limb
The femoral a.
↓
The popliteal a.
↓
The ant. and post. tibial a.
↓
dorsal a. of foot
1. The femoral a.
Deep femoral a.→
Lateral circumflex femoral a.
Medial circumflex femoral a.
Perforating a.
Others: superficial iliac circumflex a., superficial
epigastric a. and external pudendal a.
2. The popliteal a.
3. The post. tibial a. →
med. and lat. plantar a.
peroneal a.
4. The ant. tibial a.
5. The dorsal artery of foot →
deep plantar a.
doral first metatarsal a.