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ABLE
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ARMCHAIR
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BEATEN
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BEDTIME
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FACEBOOK
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MARSID
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GREENHOUSE
EFFECT
WHAT IS A GREENHOUSE?
A greenhouse is a house made of
glass. It has glass walls and a glass
roof. People grow tomatoes and
flowers and other plants in them. A
greenhouse stays warm inside,
even during winter.
A greenhouse is made of glass. It traps the
Sun's energy inside and keeps the plants
warm, even in winter.
Sunlight shines in and warms the
plants and air inside. But the
heat is trapped by the glass and
can't escape. So during the
daylight hours, it gets warmer
and warmer inside a
greenhouse, and stays pretty
warm at night too.
How is Earth a greenhouse?
Earth's atmosphere acts like the glass in a
greenhouse. Gases in the atmosphere
such as carbon dioxide do what the roof
of a greenhouse does. During the day, the
Sun shines through the atmosphere. It is
needed to keep the planet warm and
enough for life to exist.
At night, Earth's surface cools,
releasing the heat back into the air.
But some of the heat is trapped by
the greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere.
 GREENHOUSE GASES
Greenhouse gases are gases that can trap heat.
They get their name from greenhouses. A
greenhouse is full of windows that let in
sunlight. That sunlight creates warmth. The big
trick of a greenhouse is that it doesn’t let that
warmth escape.
That’s exactly how greenhouse gases
act. They let sunlight pass through the
atmosphere, but they prevent the heat
that the sunlight brings from leaving
the atmosphere. Overall, greenhouse
gases are a good thing.
Without them, our planet would be
too cold, and life as we know it would
not exist. But there can be too much of
a good thing. Scientists are worried
that human activities are adding too
much of these gases to the
atmosphere.
A Couple of Common Greenhouse Gases
Carbon dioxide: Made up of one carbon atom and
two oxygen atoms, carbon dioxide molecules make
up a small fraction of the atmosphere, but have a
large effect on climate. There was about 270 parts
per million volume (ppmv) of carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere in the mid-19th Century at the start of
the Industrial Revolution. The amount is growing as
burning fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide into the
atmosphere. There is about 400 parts per million
volume (ppmv)now.
Methane: A powerful greenhouse gas, able
to absorb far more heat than carbon
dioxide, methane is made of one carbon
and four hydrogen atoms. It is found in
very small quantities in the atmosphere
but is able to make a big impact on
warming. Methane gas is also used as a
fuel. When burned, it releases carbon
dioxide greenhouse gas into the
atmosphere.
Water Vapor Water vapor feedback is able to
reinforce the warming effect of other
greenhouse gases. In this way, the warming
determined by increased levels of CO2 will allow
more water vapor to be released into the
atmosphere. Specialists indicate that 95% of
greenhouse gases represent water vapor. Water
vapor triggers the formation of positive
feedback loop in the atmosphere. Furthermore,
they make temperature changes even bigger
than they would naturally be.
Greenhouse effect of Earth's atmosphere keeps
some of the Sun's energy from escaping back
into space at night.
If the atmosphere causes too
much greenhouse effect, Earth just
gets warmer and warmer.
Remember: More greenhouse
gases = A warmer earth
Therefore:
The greenhouse effect is a warming of the
earth's surface and lower atmosphere
caused by substances such as carbon
dioxide and water vapor which let the
sun's energy through to the ground but
impede the passage of energy from the
earth back into space.
And the enhanced greenhouse
effect?
If extra amounts of greenhouse gases
are added to the atmosphere, such as
from human activities, then they will
absorb more of the infra-red radiation.
The Earth's surface and the lower
atmosphere will warm further until a
balance of incoming and outgoing
radiation is reached again (the emission of
infra-red radiation increases as the
temperature of the emitting body rises).
This extra warming is called the enhanced
greenhouse effect.