METABOLISMO MICROBIANO

METABOLISMO MICROBIANO
Aceptores de electrones reducidos
Nutrientes
Anabolismo

Energía para Energía para

Biosíntesis el
movimiento y
transporte de
Anabolismo nutrientes
Catabolismo

Macromolécula
s

Reacciones de
Compuestos reducidos
oxido reducción Aceptores de electrones
orgánicos/inorgánicos
Luz
BIOSÍNTESIS DE MACROMOLÉCULAS
 Azucares Polisacáridos
 Aminoácidos Proteínas
 Nucleótidos Ácidos nucleídos ADN/ ARN
 Ácidos Grasos Lípidos
 Biosíntesis
Monosacárido Polisacárido
s s  ADP + Glicogeno +
ADPG + Glucogeno
Glucosa

adenosindifosfoglucosa
 Biosíntesis

Aminoácidos Proteínas
 Biosíntesis
Nucleótidos Ácidos Nucleicos
Biosíntesis Ácidos Grasos
Catabolismo
Glicolisis
 GLYCOLYSIS: EMBDEN-MEYERHOFF

 Glycolytic
 Cytoplasm

 Anaerobic

 End products
 2 Pyruvic acids
 4-2 = 2 net ATP by
substrate level
phosphorylation
 2 NADH
 2 H20
GLYCOLYSIS: PPP
(PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHWAY)

 Breakdown 5-6 C
 Cytoplasm
 Anaerobic
 End products
 1 ATP
 2 NADPH
 CO2
 4,5,6,7 C
 AA
 Nucleotides

 Glycolytic pathways

 Photosynthesis
GLYCOLYSIS: ENTNER-DUODOROFF [E-D]
 Glycolytic
 Cytoplasm
NADP+
 Anaerobic
NADPH
 Different enzymes
 Pseudomonas
 Enterococcus
 End products
 2-1 = 1 net ATP
 NADPH
 NADH
 2 Pyruvic acids
 H20
 ANAEROBIC PROCESSES
 Lactic Acid
 Lactobacillus
 Mixed Acid
 Enterobacteriaceae
 Butanediol
 Klebsiella
 Enterobacter
 Butyric Acid
 Clostridia
 Butanol-Acetone
 Clostridia
 Propionic Acid
 Corynebacteria
FERMENTATION SUMMARY

 Anaerobic
 Cytoplasm
 Partial Oxidation
 Small amounts of ATP generated via substrate level
phosphorylation
 Organic intermediaries as final electron acceptors
 End products
 Acid: Lactic Acid, Acetic Acid, Butyric Acid, Acetone
 Alcohol: Ethanol, Isopropyl
 Gas : CO2, H2
 Contaminants
Guanosine-5'-triphosphate (GTP) guanosine diphosphate (GDP)
ACETYL COA FORMATION
KREBS CYCLE METABOLITES
 For every AcetylCoA
 2 CO2
 3 NADH
 1 FADH2
 1 ATP (substrate level phosphorylation from GTP)
 Regenerates
 CoA
 Oxaloacetic acid
EUKARYOTIC ETC (ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN)
PROKARYOTIC ETC

Vit B2 Riboflavin based Flavoproteins

Metal Proteins with ions (Fe, S, Cu)
Iron based Cytochromes (b,c1,c,a,a3)
Ubiquiones based on Vit K (CoEnzyme Q)
ETC STEPS

 Electrons from NADH or FADH2 to flavoproteins

(FMN)
 H+ pumped into periplasm
 Electrons transported
 To Iron-Sulfur proteins from NADH
 To CoQ (Ubiquinona) from FADH2
 Cytochromes transfer electrons
 Final Electron Acceptor
 O2 if Aerobic
 Other inorganic molecule if Anaerobic
ETC: CYTOCHROMES
 ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION

 Use of another compound

than O2 as final electron
acceptor in the ETC
 Examples
 Nitrate ion NO3-
[Pseudomonas, E coli, Bacillus]
 NO2-
 N2O
 N2
 Sulfate ion SO4= to H2S
 Methanogens
 Carbonate ion CO3= to CH4
 Methanogens
 OTHER CATABOLIC PROCESSES

 Lipid
 Glycerol
 FA
 Beta oxidation

 Acetyl CoA
ETC: NAD NADH + H+
 Fermentación Compuestos orgánicos

Respiración Aerobia

Quimiotrofos Respiración Anaerobia

Quimiorganotrofo

Respiración Aerobia

Respiración Anaerobia
Quimilitotrofo
Fotoheterotrofo Fotoautotrofo
Fototrofos

Compuestos orgánicos