MECHANISM

AND
INNOVATIONS
BY JAI SAWHNEY
STUDENT OF 6-C
 HYPOTHESIS
WHAT WOULD HAPPEN IF THERE WERE NO BREAKS FOR CARS

• If there were no brakes. Every moment there

would be accidents that would lead to
decreasing of population
 VARIABLE CHART

Independent variable= Type of brakes

Dependent variable= Number o accidents

Controlled variable= Cars

 VARIABLE GRAPH
Number of accidents done because
Of sensor brakes and manual brakes
1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0
2008- 2010 2011- 2012 2013- 2014 2015- 2017
sensor brake manual

Controlled variable is =
cars
 INQUIRY QUESTIONS

I&S questions Science questions

1. The first innovation in brakes ? Should the brakes be manual or

automatic?

2. Why were brakes created? Should the brakes work suddenly or

slowly slowly?
 EXTRA INQUIRY QUESTIONS

Extra questions

1. Should there be a brake system or not?

 INQUIRY QUESTION

Main inquiry fair question

What is the latest innovation in functioning of the brake ?

 I&S ANSWERS
QUESTION 1

• 1. . Many early cars used simple "spoon"

brakes like carriages had: a driver relied on a
lever system that moved a block of wood
against the wheels. These worked relatively
well for speeds of 10-20 mph in sparse traffic
 I&S ANSWER
QUESTION 2
• 2. Greg Monforton had an accident in new
jersey. He was on bed rest for 7 months. After
he was alright he decided to make something
that would stop the car suddenly. After a he
worked for a year he was able to create the
brakes that could stop the car suddenly.
 SCIENCE ANSWERS
QUESTION 1
• 1. Chart Title
90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%
• 2.
30%

20%

10%

0%
2015 2016 2017
automatic manual Column1
SCIENCE ANSWERS
ANSWER 2
 EXTRA QUESTION-
SHOULD THERE BE A BRAKE SYSTEM OR NOT?
120% people who said yes people who said no

100% 96%

83%
80% 78%

60%

40%

22%
20% 17%

4%
0%
2015 2016 2017
 INQUIRY QUESTION
ANSWER
• Frankfurt am Main, Germany, August 1, 2017. While automated driving is a big
step into the future of safe and comfortable individual mobility, one thing will
not change: In conjunction with the steering, the brakes will remain the most
important element of active safety. Once the driver hands over the full driving
responsibility to the vehicle, the electronic brake system (EBS) must be capable
to perform the braking function, even in a rare case of a possible failure of the
primary electronic brake system. That is why the technology company
Continental has developed its electronic brake solution MK C1 further, targeted
to the additional requirements of highly automated driving.
•
 SCIENCE COMPONENT
FUNCTIONING

• the brake system is to decelerate or decrease the

speed of a vehicle. By stepping on the brake pedal,
the brake pads compress against the rotor attached
to the wheel, which then forces the vehicle to slow
down due to the brake that absorbs the kinetic
energy of the vehicle mechanically or electrically in
order to decrease its speed. In mechanical brakes,
friction converts the kinetic energy into heat. In
electric brakes, an electric current forces a magnet
to apply the brakes.
 I & S COMPONENT
INNOVATIONS IN THE BRAKES
• Starting cars with a hand-crank was never
easy and bringing them to a halt wasn't a
cake walk, either. Many early cars used
simple "spoon" brakes like carriages had: a
driver relied on a lever system that moved
a block of wood against the wheels. These
worked relatively well for speeds of 10-20
mph in sparse traffic. By the late 1890s,
though, when the Michelin brothers came
out with rubber pneumatic tires, the wood
block idea was pretty useless because the
wood ground the rubber down pretty badly
In 1898, an enterprising inventor from
Cleveland, Elmer Ambrose Sperry,
designed an electric car with front-wheel
disc brakes, built by the Cleveland Machine
Screw Co. With disc brakes, a caliper with
brake pads pinches a rotor or disc—like
bicycle brakes. The man credited with the
invention of the disc brake, however, was
English engineer Frederick William
Lanchester who patented the idea in 1902
• In. The biggest problem with his brakes,
though, because copper brake pad linings
moved against a metal disc, was the
horrible screeching noise they made. It
took another five years for someone else to
cure the noise problem: Herbert Frood, a
fellow Brit, lined the pads with long-lasting
asbestos. In fact, asbestos continued to be
used in car brakes until the 1980s when
health and safety concerns eliminated it.
Still, the disc brake didn't enjoy much
popularity. It wasn't until the 50s that
European cars began the wide use of disc
brakes. In 1967, Federal Motor Vehicle
Safety Standard 105 set specific
performance tests that led to the
widespread introduction of disc brakes on
American cars in the early seventies. But
we'll leave the disc brakes for now and
focus instead on the later-introduced but,
initially, more popular drum brakes.
•
 REASON WHY I CHOSE THIS TOPIC

• The reason why I chose this topic is that my last topic was
transportation. My teacher said transportation is a umbrella
topic. It covers a lot stuff example break system and
acceleration system. Then she said to choose one of the topics
and then I chose break system as my inquiry fair topic.
 HOW IS THE TOPIC RELATED TO
GLOBAL CONTEXT
• The topic is related to global context because if there was no
high powered break system there would be a billion
ascendants per second. The ascendants would lead to a lot of
deaths of people. That would make the population less every
second
 PEOPLE WHO HELPED ME IN
• MS. Priya (science teacher)
• MR. Prabin (I&S teacher)
• MS. Nidhi (support teacher)
• My father
 CREDITS

• http://www.gregmonforton.com/evolution-brake-systems.html
• https://itstillruns.com/functions-brake-system-6038830.html
• https://goo.gl/images/CnYWwu
• https://www.continental-corporation.com/en/press/press-releases/cutting-
edge-brake-technology-mk-c1-82336