PRESENTATION ON

CONTROL VALVE

By
ANKUR
What is a control valve?
Control Valve is a variable area restriction in the flowing fluid.

What happens when restriction is put in the path of flowing fluid?

VENA CONTRACTA
 Why control valve ?
 Manual Control:-

Temp Indicator

Hot Water

Steam
WATER
HEATER

Cold water
 Why control valve ?
 Automatic Control:-

Disturbance 1 : Demand of Hot Water Increases suddenly, Increase

Cold water flow and Steam Flow.

Disturbance 2 : Demand of Hot Water Decreases s, Decrease Cold water

flow and Steam Flow.

Temp Controller
Temp transmitter

Set Point

Hot water
Steam

WATER
HEATER

Cold water
 Types of Control valve

 Linear motion valve

Globe Valve
Gate Valve

Less torque requirement

Good controllability
For EX. CEP recirculation valve

 Rotary motion valve

Butterfly Valve
Ball Valve
Plug Valve

High torque requirement

Coarse controllability
Mainly used for big size pipes
For Ex. CW lines
How Control valve works?

Actuator

Positioner
 Actuator Design, FC or FO ?
 What is Fail to Close, Fail to Open condition ?

Fixed Seat Design Fixed Spring Design

 Actuator Design, FC or FO ?
 What is Fail to Close, Fail to Open condition ?
Controller : DA or RA?
Globe type Control valve
A) Single Port Valve Body

B) Doubled Port Valve Body A B

C) Angle Body

D) Split Body

E) Three Way Valve Body

C D E
Functions of Control valve
Dissipation of extra energy in form of DP

Dispensing applications like cooling of process fluid

Distribution of flow
Cavitation and Flashing : Choked
Flow
Cavitation : Pvc < Pv, P2 > Pv

Cavitation occurs when pressure at vena contracta

goes below liquid vapor pressure this forms bubbles
and pressure recovers at downstream such that it is
higher than liquid vapor pressure. So, bubble bursts
and releases energy on the metallic part of control
valve.

Flashing : Pvc < Pv, P2 < Pv

Flashing occurs when pressure at vena contracta
goes below liquid vapor pressure this forms bubbles
and pressure doe not recover at downstream and
pressure remains less that liquid vapor pressure
which results in travelling of bubbles to the
downstream equipment which results in
Wire-Drawing.
Cavitation and Flashing : Choked
Flow
Pressure Recovery in Valves
Damage due to Cavitation and
Flashing
How to avoid Cavitation and
Flashing ?
Proper valve sizing
Special Designs
Designing Anti-Cavitation trim

Staged Pressure Drop Matrix Design for

for BFP re-circulation valve BFP re-circulation valve
 How to avoid Cavitation and
Flashing ?

Low load Feed water regulating

valve with cage guided design Deaerator Pegging
steam Control Valve
How to avoid Cavitation and
Flashing?

Soot Blower Pressure Reducing Valve

 How to avoid Noise ?
Special design to reduce noise.
Flow Characteristic of Control Valve
Quick Opening (ON-OFF kind of services)
Linear (For services where Constant DP across valve)
Equal percentage (For services where High DP variations across valve)
 Flow Characteristic of Control Valve
Quick Opening (ON-OFF kind of services)

Linear (For services where Constant DP across

valve)

Equal percentage (For services where High DP

variations across valve)
Flow Characteristic of Control Valve
Leakage Class of Control Valve
THANK YOU

From
ANKUR