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GROUP #F

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Submitted Muhammad Submitted Topic:
Group “F”
To: Ashraf By: Voices

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 GROUP MEMBERS

1 WAJID HUSSAIN (leader) 2018-ME-11

2 M.MOAZZAM SALEEM 2018-ME-33
3 M.ZAMAN SHABBIR 2018-ME-32
4 SAFDAR ALI 2018-ME-21
5 M.MUDASSAR HAMZA 2018-ME-20
6 YASIR NAWAZ 2018-ME-37

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 CONTENTS

• 1 VOICES (ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE)

• 2 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE

• 3 SUBJECT INTO OBJECT

• 4 RULES FOR CHANGING ACTIVE INTO PASSIVE

• 5 ACTIVE AND PASSIVE TENSES

• 6 PRESENT TENSE

• 6 PAST TENSE
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• 7 FUTURE TENSE
NAME : WAJJID HUSSAIN
ROLL NO: 2018-ME-11

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VOICES:

In grammar, voices are the

quality of a verb that indicates
whether its subject acts ACTIVE : I eat bread.
(active voice) or is acted upon PASSIVE: Bread is
(passive voice). The eaten by me.
distinction between active
and passive voice applies only
to transitive verbs.
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TYPES

There are
two types of
voices.

Active voice Passive voice

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 • The active voice is the ‘normal’ voice that
we use most of the time. In the active voice, the
object receives the action of the verb. Most
writers prefer to use active voice because it is ,
ACTIVE
VOICE: • Less awkward and clearly states
relationships between subject and action.

• Active voice: subject + verb + Object

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EXAMPLE:

• 1. John kicks the football.

• The subject (J0hn) acts. He kicks the
football.

• 2. Maryam will give a book report to the

class
• Maryam (subject) is doing the giving
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(verb) to the class (object).
 • The term passive voice refers to a type
of sentence in which the subject receives
the action of verb.
PASSIVE • In general, the passive voice is less
VOICE: direct, less forceful and less concise than
the active voice.

• Passive voice: Object + Verb +Subject

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EXAMPLES;

• 1. The football is kicked by John.

The subject (The football ) is acted
upon.

• 2. A book report will be given by

Maryam to the class.
Report (subject) will be given (verb)
by Maryam (objective) 12
 DIFFERENCE
ACTIVE PASSIVE
VOICE VOICE

I eat an An apple is • The sentence is reversed while

converting the sentence from Active Voice
apple. eaten by
to Passive Voice.
me.

He bought A car was • Active voice: subject + verb + Object

a car. bought by • Passive voice : Object + Verb +Subject
him.

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SUBJECT INTO OBJECT

Subject Object
I Me
We Us
You You
They Them
He Him
She Her
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RULES FOR CHANGING ACTIVE
VOICES INTO PASSIVE VOICES

Rule No.1
• The places of the subject and object will interchange. The
subject will shift to the place of Object and the object will take the
place of subject in Passive Voice.

• EXAMPLE:
• Active Voice: He buys a camera.
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• Passive Voice: A camera is bought by him.
• Rule No2.
• Only Past Participle Form or 3rd form of verb will always be
used as main verb in Passive Voices for all tenses.

• Rule NO3
• The word ‘by’ will be used before subject in Passive Voice.
• Example:
• Active: she drinks water.
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• Passive: Water is drunk by her.
• Rule No4.
• Other words such as ‘with’ or to may also be used instead of
word ‘by’ depending upon
• the subject of the sentence .But word ‘by’ is used in
most cases.

• EXAMPLE
• Active: I know him.
• Passive: He is known to me.

• Active: Water fills a tube. 17

• Passive: A tube is filled with water.

• Rule No5.

• The auxiliary verb will be changed in

Passive Voice depending upon the tense of sentence in
its Active Voice.

• Rule NO6.
Object +‘be’ verb+verb3+ By +Subject
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NEXT GROUP MEMBER

Muhammad Zaman Shabbir

Roll # 2K18-ME-32

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ACTIVE VOICE AND PASSIVE VOICE:
There are three states of a tense:
• Present tense
• Past Tense
• Future Tense
Active and Passive Voice- Present Tense:
• There are four types of present tense:
• Present Indefinite
• Present Continuous
• Present Perfect
• Present Perfect Continuous
• Note:
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• Present Perfect Continuous cannot be changed into Passive Voice:
PRESENT INDEFINITE:

• The simple present is a verb tense with two main uses. We use the simple present tense
when an action is happening right now, or when it happening regularly are called present
indefinite.
Structure of Present Indefinite Tense(simple)
• Subject + 1ST form + Object
• Verb is ending with (S, Z, X, CH, SH) add es.
• Verb is ending with ‘y’ adding ‘ies’.
• With other verbs we add ‘s’.
Examples:
• He speaks English.
• He catches fish. 21
STRUCTURE OF PRESENT INDEFINITE
TENSE (NEGATIVE)
• Subject + Do/Does + Not + 1st Form + Object
• Does is used with singular noun (He, She, It, Name of a person, etc.)
• Do is used with plural noun (We, You, They, etc.)
Examples:
• They do not come late.
• He does not a write a letter.
• Ali does not work hard.
Structure of Present Indefinite (Interrogative)
• Do/Does + Subject + 1st Form + Object?
• Examples:
• Does he speak English?
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• Do they record voice?
STRUCTURE OF PRESENT INDEFINITE
(NEGATIVE+ INTERROGATIVE)
• Do/Does + Subject + Not + 1st Form + Object?
Example:
• Does he not speak English?
• Do they not buy laptop?
Change Present Indefinite tense into Passive voice:
• When the active verb is in the simple present tense, we make passive
verb form with (is/am/are + Past participle form of the verb)
• Note that the object of the active verb become the subject of the
passive verb. The subject of active verb become object of active verb
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HOW TO FORM PASSIVE TENSE
How to form passive tense (Simple)?
• Object + is/am/are + 3rd form of verb + by+ subject + Remaining
Example:
• Active: We love our country.
• Passive: Our country is loved by us.
How to form passive tense (Negative)?
• Object + is/am/are + Not + 3rd form + By + Subject + Remaining
Example:
• Active: Teacher do not punish students now a day.
• Passive: Students are not punished by teacher now a day.24
HOW TO FORM PASSIVE TENSE
(INTERROGATIVE)?

• Is/am/are + Object + 3rd Form + By + Subject +

Remaining
Example:
• Active: Do you read English?
• Passive: Is English read by you?

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COMMON ERRORS IN PRESENT
INDEFINITE TENSE
• Active:
• This port contains milk.
• Wrong passive:
Milk is contained by this port.
• Reason:
• The word by is not used with the non-living thing and the correct
preposition of the verb contain is the word in, so the correct passive
sentence is
• Correct passive:
• The milk is contained in this port. 26
PRESENT CONTINUOUS:
• The present continuous tense is used for actions happening now or for an action that is
unfinished. This tense is also used when the action is temporary.
Structure of Present Continuous Tense(simple)
• Subject + is/are/am + 1st Form + ing + Object
•
Examples:
• She is crying.
• He is talking to his friend.
Structure of Present Continuous Tense (Negative)
• Subject + Is/am/are + Not + 1st Form + Ing + Object
Examples:
• He is not standing.
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• Ali is not running.
STRUCTURE OF PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
(INTERROGATIVE)
• Is/am/are + Subject + 1st Form + Ing + Object?
• Examples:
• Is she laughing?
• Are they listening to the teacher?
• Changing Present Continuous tense into Passive:
Structure of Passive Present Continuous Tense(simple)

. Object + is/are/am + being + past participle form of the verb + by + subject

Remaining
• Examples:
• Active: I am reading a story.
Passive: A story is being read by me. 28
STRUCTURE OF PASSIVE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
(NEGATIVE)

• Object + is/are/am + Not + being + past participle form of the verb + by + subject +
Remaining
Examples:
• Active: She is not writing a story.
Passive: A story is not being written by her.
Structure of Passive Present Continuous Tense (Interrogative)
• Is/are/am + Object + being + past participle form of the verb + by + subject + Remaining
How to form passive tense (Interrogative)?
• Is/am/are + Object + 3rd Form + By + Subject + Remaining
Example:
• Active: Do you read English?
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• Passive: Is English read by you?
SOME COMMON ERRORS IN PRESENT
CONTINUOUS TENSE

Active:
• He is staring at the picture.
Wrong passive:
The picture is being stared by him.
Reason:
• The picture is object and at is the correct preposition of the object
picture so, we also use the preposition at in the sentence. The correct
passive sentence is
Correct passive:
• The picture is being stared at by him. 30
SOME COMMON ERRORS IN PRESENT
CONTINUOUS TENSE
Active:
• He is looking at you.
Wrong passive:
• You are being looked by him.
Reason:
• The word You is object and at is the correct preposition of the object
so, we also use the preposition at in the sentence. The correct passive
sentence is ,
Correct passive:
• You are being looked at by him.
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NEXT GROUP MEMBER

Muhammad Safdar Ali

Roll # 2K18-ME-21
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PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
Subject + has/have + 3rd Form + Object
Examples:
• I have lost my purse.
• We have seen this movie already.
Structure of Present Perfect Tense (Negative)
• Subject + has/have + Not + 3rd Form + Object
Example:
• I have not lost my purse.
• We have not seen this movie already.
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STRUCTURE OF PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
(INTERROGATIVE)

• Has/Have+ Subject + 3rd Form + Object?

Example:
• Have I lost my purse?
• Have we seen this movie already?

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CHANGING PRESENT PERFECT TENSE INTO
PASSIVE:
• Structure of Passive Present Perfect Tense(simple)
Object + has/have + been + past participle form of the verb + by +
subject + remaining.
Example:
• Active: I have written a story.
Passive: A story has been written by me.
Structure of Passive Present Perfect Tense (Negative)
• Object + has/have + not +been+ past participle form of the verb + by +
subject + Remaining
Example:
• Active: I have not received a telegram. 35

Passive: A telegram has not been received by me.

STRUCTURE OF PASSIVE PRESENT PERFECT
TENSE (INTERROGATIVE)

• Has/have + Object + been+ past participle form of the verb +

by + subject + Remaining
• Example:
• Active: Have you kept the secret?
Passive: Has the secret been kept by you?
• Active: Has he ditched his wife?
• Passive: Has his wife been ditched by him?
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SOME COMMON ERRORS IN PRESENT
PERFECT TENSE

Active:
The fire has burnt the house.
Wrong passive:
The house has been burnt by the fire.
Reason:
As we say above that the word by is not used with the non-living thing
and the correct preposition of this tense is,
Correct Passive:
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The house has been burnt in the fire.
SOME COMMON ERRORS IN PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

Active:
I have known her for a long time.
Wrong Passive:
She has been known by me for a long time.
Reason:
This is also a general sentence so there is no need to mention
by me. the correct passive sentence is,

Correct Passive:
She has been known to me for a long time.
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 NEXT GROUP MEMBER

Muhammad Mudassar Hamza

Roll # 2018-ME-20

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ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE IN PAST
TENSE
• There are four types of past tense:
I. Past Indefinite Tense
II. Past Continuous Tense
III. Past Perfect Tense
IV. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Note:
Past Perfect Continuous tense cannot be changed into Passive Voice.

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ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE IN PAST
INDEFINITE TENSE
 Active sentences in the simple past tense have the following structure:
Subject + Past tense form of the verb + Object
 Passive sentences in the simple past tense have the following structure:
Object + was/were + Past participle form of the verb + Subject
• Examples of Changing a simple past indefinite sentence into passive
Active: He wrote a letter.
Passive: A letter was written by him.
Active: They knew it.
Passive: It was known to them. 41
• Examples of changing a negative sentence into the passive
Active: She did not write a story.
Passive: A story was not written by her.
Active: She did not know anything about it.
Passive: Nothing about it was known to her.
• Changing an Interrogative sentence into the passive
• If the active sentence begins with a question word , the passive
sentence will also begin with a question word.
• If the active sentence begins with who or whose , the passive
sentence will begin with by whom or by whose.
• If the active sentence begins with whom , the passive sentence
will begin with who. 42
• Examples
• Active: Why did you abuse your servant?
• Passive: Why was your servant abuse by you?
• Active: Who killed the snake?
• Passive: By whom was the snake killed?

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ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICES IN PAST
CONTINUOUS TENSE

 Active sentence in the past continuous tense have the following structure:
Subject + Was/were + ing form of the verb + Object
 Passive sentence in the past continuous tense have the following structure:
Object + was/were + being + Past participle form of the verb + by + Subject
• Changing a simple past continuous sentence into passive
Active: She was writing a novel.
Passive: A novel was being written by her.
Active: They were saying their prayers.
Passive: Their prayers were being said by them.
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• Changing a negative past continuous sentence into the passive
Active: She was not preparing dinner.
Passive: Dinner was not being prepared by her.
Active: He was not making a speech.
Passive: A speech was not being made by him.
• Changing an interrogative past continuous sentence into the passive
 If the active sentence begins with a question word , the passive
sentence will also begin with a question word.

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• Example
Active: Why were you cheating me?
Passive: Why was I being cheated by you?
Active: Is she writing a letter?
Passive: Is a letter being written by her?

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ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE IN PAST
PERFECT TENSE

The past perfect tense form is made by putting had before the past
participle form of the verb .
 Active sentence in the past perfect tense have the following
structure:
Subject + had + past participle form of the verb + Object
 Passive sentence in the past perfect tense have the following
structure:
Object + had + been + past participle form of the verb + Subject

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 She had finished the job.
 They had received the parcel.
• Both sentences given above are in the active voice. When we
change them into the passive ,the object of the active verb becomes
the subject of the passive verb. The verb also undergoes changes.
• The past perfect tense in the passive voice is made by putting
had been before the past participle form of the verb.
 Active form: had + past participle form of the verb
 Passive form had been + past participle form of the verbs

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• Changing Simple past Perfect sentence into the Passive form
Active: I had finished my work.
Passive: My work had been finished by me.
Active: He had given a lecture.
Passive: A lecture had been given by him.
• Changing negative past perfect sentence into the passive form
Active: I had never experienced such difficulty.
Passive: Such difficulty had never been experienced by me.
Active: I had not listened to him.
Passive: He had not been listened to by me.
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• Changing an interrogative past perfect sentence into the passive
Active: Had she invited them?
Passive: Had they been invited by her?
Active: Had he given a lecture?
Passive: Had a lecture been given by him?

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COMMON ERRORS IN PAST TENSE
• Active:
The fire burnt the house.
• Wrong passive:
The house was burnt by the fire.
• Reason:
It is not necessary to use the word by with each sentence when
you convert an active voice into passive voice because the word by is
used with living things but the house and fire both are non-living things,
so the correct passive sentence is
• Correct passive:
The house was burnt in the fire. 51
• 2. Active:
Your performance pleased me.
• Wrong passive:
I was pleased by your performance.
• Reason:
As we say above that the word by is not used with the non-living
thing and the correct preposition of pleased is the word with, so the
correct passive sentence is
• Correct passive:
I was pleased with your performance

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NAME : YASIR NAWAZ

• Roll No : 2018-ME-37
• Topic: Future tense

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ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE – FUTURE TENSE:

There are four types of future tense:

• Simple Future Tense
• Future Continuous Tense
• Future Perfect Tense
• Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Note:
Active sentences in the future continuous and future perfect
continuous tenses cannot be changed to the passive.

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SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE:

• Active: Subject + will/shall + first form of the verb + object

Passive: Object of the active sentence + will/shall + be +
past participle form of the verb + by + subject of the
active sentence.

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CHANGING FUTURE INDEFINITE TENSE INTO PASSIVE:

Changing an assertive sentence into Passive:

Active: I will write a letter.
Passive: A letter will be written by me.
Active: She will help me.
Passive: I will be helped by her.

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• Changing a negative sentence into the passive
• Active: She will not help us.
Passive: We will not be helped by her.
Active: We will not visit the hill station this year.
Passive: The hill station will not be visited by us this year.

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• Changing an Interrogative sentence into the passive
• Active: Will you help him?
Passive: Will he be helped by you?
Active: Will you not help me?
Passive: Shall I not be helped by you?
Active: Will they accept our invitation?
Passive: Will our invitation be accepted by them?

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FUTURE PERFECT TENSE:

• Active: Subject + will/shall + have + past participle form of

the verb + object
Passive: Object of the active sentence + will/shall + have +
been + past participle form of the verb + by + subject of
the active sentence.

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CHANGING FUTURE PERFECT TENSE INTO PASSIVE:

Changing a simple sentence into Passive

Active: They will have elected him their leader.
Passive: He will have been elected their leader (by them).
Active: She will have finished her work.
Passive: Her work will have been finished by her.

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Changing a Negative sentence into the passive
Active: We shall not have accepted the invitation.
Passive: The invitation shall not have been accepted by us.
Active: She will not have finished her work.
Passive: Her work will not have been finished by her.

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• Changing an interrogative sentence into the passive
• Active: Will she have cooked the food?
Passive: Will the food have been cooked by her?
Active: Will they have received our letter?
Passive: Will our letter have been received by them?

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NAME : MUHAMMAD MOAZZAM SALEEM

• Roll No: 2018-ME-33

• Topic:Activity

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Q # 01: CHANGE THE FOLLOWING ACTIVE VOICE INTO PASSIVE VOICE.

Active Passive
Tom painted the entire house. The entire house was painted by tom.

Ali changed the flat tire. The flat tire was changed by Ali.

Grass grows over the fields. The fields are overgrown with grass.

They will help you. You will be helped by them.

She has written a novel. A novel has been written by her.

The tiger was chasing the deer. The deer was being chased by the tiger.

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Did she do her duty? Was her duty done by her?
Q # 02: Change the following subject into their object.

They Them

She Her

We us

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Q # 3: FILL IN THE BLANKS.

• I was pleased -------(by, with, from) your activity.

• The town was destroyed ------- (from, with, by) fire.
• Mangoes are ---------( eat, eaten) by Ali.

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