Submitted To:

Mr. Akash Ch. Srivastava

Mr. Ashutosh Singh

Submitted By:
Prateek Raj
1535140042
ME 4th Year
 CONTENT

• What is Robotics
• Robotics History
• The Three Laws Of Robotics
• Robotics Technology
• Types of Robots
• Generation of Robots
• Advantages
• Disadvantages
• Future Aspects
 WHAT IS ROBOTICS

• Robotics is a science of designing

or building an application of robots.
Simply, Robotics may be defines as
“The Study of robots”. The aim of
robotics is to design an efficient
robot.
• With growing development in the
field of mechatronics, robotics has
come a long way. From an iron
piece that could move only a few
inches, there are now machines
capable of detecting landmines,
performing operations.
 ROBOTICS HISTORY
• The word Robot was introduced to the
public by the writer Karel Capek (1890-
1938) in his play. Capek was honored with
noble prize for his invention.
• Later on Issac Asimov introduced his laws
of robots and finally Eric Elenberger, who
is considered as the father of robotics,
introduced real time robots to the world.
 THE THREE LAWS OF
ROBOTICS
• Zeroth Law : A robot may not injure humanity or through in
action, allow humanity to come to harm.

• First Law : A robot may not injure a human being or through

in action, allow humanity to come to harm, unless this would
violate a higher order law.
• Second Law : A robot must obey orders given it by human
being except where such orders would conflict with a higher
order law.

• Third Law : A robot must protect it own existence as long as

such protection thus not conflict with a higher order law.
 WHY ROBOTICS ?
• Speed.
• It can work hazardous/dangerous
environment.
• To perform repetitive task.
• Efficiency
• Accuracy
• Adaptability
 ROBOTICS TECHNOLOGY
Most industrial robots have at least the following five parts:

SENSORS ACTUATORS CONTROLLERS

EFFECTORS ARMS
• SENSORS : The sensors send information in the form of
electronic signal.
• END EFFECTOR : It refers to the tool at the end of the robot
arm to do some useful work. It consist of two categories:-
• Grippers
• Tools
• ACTUATORS : Actuators are of three types:-
• Pneumatic Actuators : These utilize pneumatic energy
provided by the compressor and transforms it into mechanical
energy by turbines.
• Hydraulic Actuators : These transforms the energy stored in
reservoir into mechanical energy by means of suitable pumps.
• Electric Actuators : These are simply electro - mechanical
devices which allow movement through the use of an
electrically controlled system of gears.
• CONTROLLERS :

• ARM :
 TYPES OF ROBOTS
• Mobile Robots
• Rolling Robots
• Walking Robots
• Stationary Robots
• Autonomous Robots
• Remote-control Robots
• Virtual Robots
 MOBILE ROBOTS
• Mobile robots are able to move, usually they perform task such as
search areas. A prime example is the Mars Explorer, specifically
designed to roam the mars surface.
• Mobile robots are a great help to such collapsed building for survivors
Mobile robots are used for task where people cannot go. Either
because it is too dangerous of because people cannot reach the area
that needs to be searched.
 ROLLING ROBOTS
• Rolling robots have wheels to move around. These are the type of
robots that can quickly and easily search move around.
• However they are only useful in flat areas, rocky terrains give
them a hard time. Flat terrains are their territory.
 WALKING ROBOTS
• Robots on legs are usually brought in when the
terrain is rocky and difficult to enter with
wheels. Robots have a hard time shifting
balance and keep them from tumbling.
• That’s why most robots with have at least 4 of
them, usually they have 6 legs or more.
• Even when they lift one or more legs they still
keep their balance.
 STATIONARY ROBOTS
• Robots are not only used to explore areas
of a human being. Most robots perform
repeating tasks without ever moving an
inch.
• Most robots are ‘working’ in industry
settings. Especially dull and repeating
tasks are suitable for robots.
 AUTONOMOUS ROBOTS
• Autonomous robots are self supporting or in other words self
contained.
• In a way they rely on their own ‘brains’.
 REMOTE-CONTROL
ROBOTS
• A remote control robots are defined as those robots which can be
operated from a short distance by a device, remote etc.
 VIRTUAL ROBOTS
• Virtual robots don’t exist in real life. Virtual robots are just
programs, building blocks of a software inside the computer.
 GENERATION OF ROBOTS
• First Generation : The main task of such robots is to do same
type of operation such as spray painting. They have open loop
control.

• Second Generation : In this generation robots used closed

loop control and decisions are made in response to sensors
signal.
• Third Generation : In this the robot can manipulate an object
with the help of vision based information system.

• Fourth Generation : In this stage of generation a robot can

automatically program its actions on the basis of sensing
devices.

• Fifth Generation : In this robot may consist of human like

intelligence to make its own decision and solve the problems.
 ADVANTAGES
• Working at places 24/7 without any salary and food.
• A good help in Nuclear industry.
• Robots offer reduced cost of production.
• Robots can operate in hazardous and hostile environment.
• Robots increases production quality.
• Increase productivity.
• Provides flexibility and scale ability.
 DISADVANTAGES
• People can lose jobs in factories.
• It need a supply of power to work full day.
• Initial cost of robots are very high.
• Robots follow the command so lack of intelligence can create
serious problems, sometimes.
 FUTURE PROSPECTS
• Scientists say that it is possible that a robot brain will
exist by 2021.
• Vernor Vinge has suggested that a moment may come
when computers and robots are smarter than humans.
• The Association for the Advancement of Artificial
Intelligence has researched on this problem.
Thank
You