DEVELOPMENT
ARNOLD R. LORENZO
Review Outline:
The Nature of Curriculum
Meaning of Curriculum
Curriculum Orientation
Curriculum Conceptions
Levels of Curriculum
Major Types of Curriculum
Designs and Patterns of Curriculum
Foundations of Curriculum
Sociological – Cultural Foundations
Philosophical Foundations
Historical Foundations
Psychological Foundations
Curriculum Development
Nature of Curriculum Development
Stakeholders in Curriculum Development
Approaches to Curriculum Development
Models of Curriculum Development
Processes in Curriculum Development
Curriculum Improvement
Curriculum Change
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Designs and Patterns of Subject-
Centered Curriculum
Separate/Single Subject:
subjects independent in content and time;
based on one of the academic disciplines
or organized subject matter areas
Correlated Subjects:
subjects in two or more areas are related
in content and time but the subject
identities remain.
example: Vocabulary/Spelling words may be
based on scene or social studies;
literature may be connected with history of
a given era
Fused subjects:
similar to correlated subjects but the
individual identity of each subject is lost
(example: social studies, which a
combination of geography, economics and
culture, history,
Language arts, were reading, speaking,
listening and writing are all taught.)
Broad-Fields Curriculum:
broadening and integration/ fusion of
several subjects on longer time blocks;
may integrate through a.) principles or
themes; b.) historical integration of
subject (example: Humanities program)
Core:
aims at creating a universal sense of
inquiry, discourse and understanding
among learners of different background
assumes that some content is essential to
students; this content would become the
core
promotes a common body of learning
experiences and knowledge which are
carefully prepared
Spiral Curriculum:
recognizes that students are not ready to
learn certain concepts until they reached the
required level of development and maturity
and have the necessary experiences;
provides for widening horizontal organization
of scope, integration and deepening of
knowledge (vertical sequence)
Mastery Learning Curriculum:
offers an opportunity for all students to
succeed by giving them all the time they
need to master objectives through
remediation and formative evaluation
without penalty.
Open Education Curriculum:
also called open classroom;
built on philosophical ideas that allow
students to be free to discover important
knowledge;
teachers as majors curriculum developers
Problem Solving Curriculum:
learning-centered;
students guided to discover answers to
problems to understand concepts and
generalizations to master the disciplines
Designs and Patterns of
Experience/Learner-Centered Curriculum
Activity-Based:
based on child’s need but there is no
advance planning;
may necessitate special subjects for
specialized interests;
use of problem-solving method;
cooperative planning
Child-Centered:
focuses on normal, “Custom-made”
activities for children, with no advance
planning made;
use of experiential rather than rote
learning;
researched-based;
large use of motivation
Social Process and Life Functions-
focused:
centers around major cultural life activity
of mankind; based on analysis of life
activities;
relates learners and society; uses
experiential learning and social process
approach;
structured around the various aspects of
problems and processes of community
Process-Oriented:
focuses on personal attributes and skills
of individual learner in ever-widening
circles of self, others, and society;
emphasizes development of skills and
traits that will sense the learner for life;
with better balance between affective and
cognitive consideration
Comprehension Check…