MESIN ELEKTRIK I

Mesin
sinkron

Oleh : Ir. Hery Purnomo, MT

Konsep dasar generator sinkron
(kutub luar)

2
Generator sinkron
(kutub luar)
MESIN SINKRON (Mesin Serempak)
•Generator Sinkron
•Motor Sinkron

1.Mesin sinkron Kutub dalam

(kutub maknit berputar, dirotor)

2.Mesin sinkron Kutub luar

(kutub maknit diam, distator)
 Mesin Sinkron Kutub Dalam

Kelebihannya :
• Daya yang dihasilkan lebih besar dibanding
kutub luar pada dimensi yang sama

• Diperlukan cincin geser (slip ring) lebih sedikit,

yaitu 2 buah

• Dapat digunakan untuk daya besar dengan

tegangan menengah (6 kV, 11 kV, 16,5 kV, ..)
 Mesin Sinkron Kutub Dalam

Belitan medan
Belitan jangkar / Bel. tenaga
 APLIKASI
Mesin Sinkron
1.Generator Sinkron
a). Generator sinkron 3 fasa
b). Generator sinkron 1 fasa

PLTA, PLTD,PLTU, PLTG, PLTGU, PLTN, ………..dsb.

(Pembangkit tenaga listrik arus bolak-balik)

2.Motor sinkron
a). Motor sinkron 3 fasa
motor penggerak beban mekanik kapasitas besar
P>200 HP, tegangan menengah (4000 – 6000V)
b). Motor sinkron 1 fasa
motor penggerak mekanik ukuran kecil, yang digunakan
pada peralatan kontrol (motor servo, motor sinkro)
PLTA

8
Stator under construction
PLTU
PLTN
Mesin sinkron 3 Fasa

Rotor – Belitan medan (field winding) – DC current

Stator – Belitan jangkar (armature winding) – AC supply

Field circuit
3- Stator terminals

Slip rings

Penggerak mula
(prime mover)
 Electrical Frequency

Electrical frequency produced is locked or

synchronized to the mechanical speed of rotation of
a synchronous generator:

Pn
fe 
120

where fe = electrical frequency in Hz

P = number of poles
n = mechanical speed of the rotor, in r/min
 Generated Voltage
The generated voltage of a synchronous generator is
given by E  C. n. 
E  K c  fe p
C  2 N  Konsant
120

where = flux in the machine (function of If)

fe = electrical frequency
Kc= synchronous machine constant
E

If
 Mesin sinkron kutub dalam
1). Kutub silindris (non salient pole)
2). kutub tonjol (salient pole)
 Konstruksi Kutub tonjol
(Salient pole)
Magnetic axis
of rotor
A

B’ If
C’
Magnetic axis
Stator of phase a
(Armature)

B
C

• Operasi putaran rendah

A’
• Jumlah kutub banyak
• Aplikakasi PLTA
Rotor (field)
( hydro electric)
Rotor Kutub Menonjol
Kontruksi Kutub silindris
(cylindrical pole)

A Magnetic axis
of rotor
B’
C’

Magnetic axis
of phase a
B

C • Operasi putaran tinggi

A’ • Jumlah kutub sedikit
• Aplikasi PLTU, PLTG. PLTD
(steam turbines/gas turbines)
Kutub silindris
 Direct and Quadrature Axes
Mesin sinkron

Qm= 00

Фd
B- C+
Фd - medan maknit jangkar bujur
Фq – medan magnet jangkar melintang
N 

Ф – medan magnet utama A+ A-

S

C- B+
Фq

Kutub Silindris
 d-axis
d  q Stator winding

Xd  Xq  Xs N
Uniform air-gap

Stator

q-axis Rotor winding

Rotor

Kutub Silindris
 Kutub Menonjol
d-axis
d  q , d  q N
Non-uniform

X d  Xq
air-gap
N

S S
q-axis S S

N

N
 Rangkaian Ekuivalen

Poros/as

Belitan jangkar

Belitan medan

MESIN SINKRON 3 FASA

 Rangkaian ekuivalen
Generator sinkron 3 Fasa
 Hubungan Belitan Jangkar
Bel. medan

Bel. medan
A
A

B
C C B
Three Phase STAR
Connected Three Phase
DELTA Connected
Three-phase equivalent circuit of a cylindrical-rotor
synchronous machine

The voltages and currents of the three phases are 120o apart in angle,
but otherwise the three phases are identical.
+

VL-L
Vt
Ef1 jXs Ra
+
Ia1

VL-L =3Vt

Mesin Sinkron Kutub Silindris

 Model Rangkaian Ekuivalen Mesin Sinkron
(bentuk 1 fasa)
• The leakage reactance of the armature coils, Xal
• Armature reaction or synchronous reactance, Xar
• The resistance of the armature coils, Ra
• If saliency is neglected, Xd = Xq = Xs
jXar jXal Ra
+
Ia
+
E d Vt 0o

Mesin Sinkron Kutub Silindris

 Equivalent Circuit

motor
Ia
jXar jXal Ra
+
+
Ia
+ generator

Eres Vt
Ef

Equivalent circuit of a cylindrical-rotor synchronous machine

Rangkaian Ekuivalen
Generator sinkron
Xs=Xar+Xal (Reaktansi sinkron)
Zs= Ra+jXs (Impedansi sinkron)
Xar -Reaktansi reaksi jangkar
Xal – reaktansi bocor belitan jangkar
Ra – tahanan belitan jangkar

e  BL v
E f  C.n.  E f  Vt  I a R a  I a jX s
E f  Vt  I a (R a  j X s )
E f  Vt  I a Zs

Ef > Vt
Rangkaian Ekuivalen
Motor sinkron

E f  Vt  I a (R a  j X s )
E f  Vt  I a Zs

Ef < Vt
Phasor diagram mesin sinkron

(a) - Generator Sinkron

(b)- Motor Sinkron