STREET LIGHTING

CIRCUIT

Digital Electronics
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 Description
1
 -The circuit diagram
present here is that
of a street light that
automatically
switches ON when
the night falls and
turns OFF when the
sun rises.
The circuit uses - 
a 
Light Dependent Re
sistor (LDR)
 to sense the light
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 Tools
2


. Transistor(2N2222A)-1 

. Vcc=6v-2 

: Resistors-3 

a- R1=75Ω 

b-Re=2.5kΩ 

c-Ro=1kΩ 

. d-LDR(R2) 

Light Emitting Diode.(LDR)-4 

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 Light Dependent Resistor(LDR)
3

?What is LDR
and( Light Dependent Resistor) 

symbolizes it short LDR is electrical

resistance sensitive to light, changing
resistance of about 1,000,000 ohms
to zero resistance when light falls on
.it
Note that the resistor we have 

its values vary from 300kΩ to

.10kΩ when light falls on it

Application 

Among the most famous 

applications street lamps,

which used to automatic
.turn them on and of

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 LED(Light Emitting Diode)
4

?What is LED 

Light Emitting Diode is a 

light source made of

semiconductor materials
send light when an
electric current passes
.through it

Characteristics of 

.LED
Consumption of electrical 
power is low, can be
operated with small
batteries, a long old, bear
the shock, and is small in
.size www.Engg-know.com
 :Steps
5

Transistor as a.1 

.switch
Transistor is used in the 

saturation region and cut of

region. In the saturation region
the transistor is in the
conduction mode and Vce is
nearly equal to 0.In the cut of
region the transistor is in the cut
&of mode and Vce=Vcc
.Ic=Ie=0 

Voltage divider.2
.method
This method allows us to control the
base resistance and voltage
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 Steps
6
Why do we use R1 at value.3 

?75kΩ
:Cut off region 

Vce=Vcc ,Ie=Ic=0 ,so we assume that 

R1>R2 , so Veq<=0.7v
soR1>=75kΩ , 

:Saturation region 

Ic=Ie & Vce=0 R1<=162kΩ 

Comparing the values in the two 

:conditions we find that

Cut of region: R1>=75kΩ 

Saturation region: R1<=162kΩ 

So R1’s values are between(75kΩ and 

162kΩ)
We choose R1=75kΩ 

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 How the circuit works
7

.Cut of region- 1 

In the daytime ,LDR's value 

is small ,where its value is up

to 10kΩ,hence when current
comes from Vcc and because
LDR's value is small ,current
is distributed and current IB is
small (low) and Veq is low , so
the transistor will be in
nonconduction mode (of
state) current Ie=Ic=0 the
current will not pass for LED
. lighting

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 How the circuit works
8

Saturation-2 

region
At night , LDR's value is 
big ,where its value is up to
300kΩ , hence when current
comes from Vcc and because
LDR's value is big , current
does not flow through LDR
(open circuit) and all the
current will flow toward the
transistor , where IB is high
and Veq is high, so the
transistor is in conduction
mode (on state) Current
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.flows and LED lights
 Summary
9

The street lighting.1

can be controlled
by using
transistor as
.switch
Transistor is.2
designed as
switch in
conduction mode
and cut of mode
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