di
BIOSAINS 2
Overview
• medical students is exposed with further basic
human life concept focusing on normal human
structure and function.
• concept of pathological change those leading
to abnormality of human body will be also
introduced.
• as a human can move between states of
health and illness, students should get an
insight to some changes to get a disease and
the “healthy” compensation of the human
body system
Competency area:
• Basic science of medical knowledge
• Management of Information
• Self-awareness and Self-development
• Effective communication
• Management of Health Problems
• Clinical Skill
• Professionalism
• Participating Diciplines :
– Anatomy
– Physiology
– Pathology Anatomy
Educational Strategy :
Learning outcome and objectives in Bioscience 2
will be achieved by using various instructional
methods consist of lecture sessions, small group
discussion, practicum and guided self study.
Assessment
• MCQ
• Extended matching questions
• Practical exam
Evaluation
• Anatomi : 2 praktikum + 3 Ujian Tulis
5
• Faal : Ujian Tulis
• PA : Ujian tulis
• Nilai BS2 : 2 Anatomi + 1 Faal + 1 PA
4
DEFINISI
• Anatomi:
Latin anatomia,
Greek anatom,
(ana-, ana- : dissection, +
tom , a cutting)
= “to cut open”- study of internal
and external structures.
: + tom , a cutting)
Fungsi
Levels of Structural Organization
(Organisasi struktural)
• Atom
• Sel
• Jaringan
• Organ
• System Organ
• Organisme
Organisme
• Atom
System Organ
• Sel
• Jaringan Organ
• Organ
• System Organ Jaringan
• Organisme
Sel
Atom
• Skeletal System
• Digestive System
• Muscular System
• Lymphatic System and Body
Defenses
• Endocrine System
• Nervous System with Special
Senses
• Cardiovascular System
• Blood
• Respiratory System
• Urinary System
• Reproductive System
Contoh :
System GIT System CVS
terdiri dari organ2 : terdiri dari organ2 :
Esophagus Jantung
Gaster Arteri
Duodenum Vena
Jejunum Kapiler
Ileum
Caecum
Berdasarkan ukuran dari bagian yang dipelajari,
anatomi dibagi menjadi :
• Anatomi makroskopik
• REGIONAL / TOPOGRAFI
Contoh :
a. Regio thorax Musculus ……..
Vasa / Arteri-Vena
b. Regio extremitas
Nervus / Saraf
c. Regio colli et facialis Struktur Khusus
d. Regio abdomen
Contoh :
Regio extremitas
Basis : M.brachialis
A. brachialis
Tendon.M.biceps brachii
LACERTUS FIBROSUS
Lateral : M.brachioradialis
N. Medianus
N. radialis
Basis : M.supinator
Medial : M. pronator teres
SISTEM RANGKA
(Systema skeleton)
• Osteon
• Cartilago
• Fungsi :
“support & protect”
SISTEM OTOT
(Systema muscularis)
• Musculus/i
• Penamaan :lokasi,
bentuk, ukuran, arah
serabut, fungsi,
Origo/insersi
• Fungsi : pergerakan
SISTEM SARAF
(Systema nervosa)
• CNS : otak & sum-
sum tulang belakang
• PNS : saraf
• Fungsi : meneruskan
sinyal homeostasis
• SPECIAL SENSE :
SISTEM
PENCERNAAN
(Tractus
digestivus)
SISTEM LIMFE
(Systema lymphaticus)
• Pembuluh Limfe
• Limfonodi
• Limpa (lien)
• Timus
• Tonsila
• Fungsi : sistim
pertahanan
SISTEM HORMON
(Systema Endocrine)
• Hipofise
• Tiroid
• Pancreas
• Ovarium
• Testis
• Fungsi : regulasi &
metabolisme
SISTEM PEMBULUH DARAH
(Systema cardiovascular)
• Cor / cardiac
• Arteri
• Vena
• Kapiler
• Fungsi : sirkulasi
Sirkulasi sistemik
• Dimulai di Ventrikel
sinistra (bilik kiri)
berakhir di Atrium
dextra (bilik kanan)
• Mensuplai arah ke A
kapiler di seluruh tubuh
B
JALUR SIRKULASI( ~ KLASIFIKASI)
• JANTUNG
* ARTERI
- A.Elastik/Besar A. Muskular (A.sedang
A.kecil) Arteriole metarteriole
kapiler capillary bed kapiler
* VENA
- capillary bed kapiler postcapillar venule
venule vena kecil vena sedang
V.besar
Sirkulasi pulmo
Dimulai dari Ventrikel
dextra (bilik kanan)
berakhir di atrium sinistra
(serambi kiri)
Membawa darah kaya CO2
rendah oxygen (oleh Arteri
pulmonalis)
Menuju pulmo untuk
oksigenasi
Membawa darah kaya
oxygen menuju jantung
Atrium sinistra
SISTEM PERNAFASAN
(Sistema Respiratorius)
• Cavum nasi
• Larynx
• Trachea
• Sistem Bronchus
(bronchus bronchiolus)
• s/d Alveoli
• Fungsi :
– Konduksi udara
– Respirasi (pertukaran O2-
CO2) Hanya oleh yang
memiliki Alveoli !!
SISTEM REPRODUKSI LAKI-LAKI
(Organa genitalia masculina)
• Testis
• Sistem saluran/ductus
• Penis
• Glandula accessorius
– Vesicula seminalis
– Gld.Prostat
– Gld.bulbourethralis
• Fungsi : reproduksi
SISTEM REPRODUKSI PEREMPUAN
(Organa genitalia feminina)
• Ovarium
• Tuba uterina
• Uterus
• Cervix uteri
• Vagina
• Genetalia externa
• Kelenjar Mammae
• Fungsi : reproduksi
SISTEM SALURAN KEMIH
(Sytema uropoetika)
• Ginjal/ren
• Ureter
• Vesica urinaria
• Urethra
• Fungsi :
- filtrasi
- ekskresi
ANATOMI mikros
Gambaran &
4 Jaringan dasar : fungsi khusus
- Epithel menutupi
- Jaringan ikat “mengikat”, menghubungan,
mengisi
- Otot menggerakkan
- Otot polos
- Otot skeletal
- Otot jantung
- Saraf meneruskan impuls (“pesan”)
Gambaran &
fungsi khusus