ANTIOKSIDAN

Hidajah Rachmawati,S.Si,Apt,SpFRS
 Antioksidan
 Antioksidan adalah substansi yang
diperlukan tubuh menetralisir
radikal bebas dan mencegah
kerusakan yang ditimbulkan o/
radikal bebas dengan melengkapi
kekurangan elektrolit yg dimiliki
radikal bebas dan menghambat
terjadinya reaksi berantai dari
pembentukan radikal bebas yg dpt
menimbulkan stres oksidatif
 RADIKAL BEBAS
 Radikal bebas merupakan jenis oksigen yg
memiliki tingkat reaktif yg tinggi dan scr alami
ada didlm tubuh sebagai hasil dari reaksi
biokimia tubuh
 Radikal bebas juga terdapat di lingkungan
sekitar kita yg berasal dari polusi udara, asap
tembakau, penguapan alkohol yg berlebihan,
bahan pengawet dan pupuk, sinar ultr violet, x-
rays dan ozon
 Oxidant : RO•, •O2-
Antioxidants HO•, HOO•, H2O2
ROO• , 1O2

RO•, ·O2-
HO· HOO·
H2O2,
ROO•, 1O2,
 Effect of Reactive Oxygen Species on
Degenerative Diseases

Gastro intestinal Eye Skin Heart

• Hepatitis • Cataractogenesis • Dermatitis • Heart attack
• Liver injury • Retinal damage • Age pigment

Teeth Joints
• Periodontis Reactive Oxygen Species • Arthritis

Vessels Multiorgan failure Brain Lung

• Atherosclerosis • Cancer • Trauma • Asthma
• Vasospasms • Stroke • Hyperoxia
 RADIKAL BEBAS
 Radikal bebas dpt merusak sel tubuh apabila tubuh
kekurangan zat anti oksidan atau saat tubuh kelebihan
radikal bebas. Hal ini menyebabkan berkembangnya sel
kanker,penyakit hati, arthritis, katarak, dan penyakit
degeneratif lainnya, bahkan mempercepat proses
penuaan.
 Radikal bebas dpt merusak membran sel serta merusak
dan merubah DNA . Merubah zat kimia dlm tubuh dpt
meningkatkan resiko terkena kanker serta merusak dan
menonaktifkan protein
 Antioksidan

 Vit A
 Vit C
 Vit E
 Karotenoid
 selenium
Vitamins Alpha Breaks lipid peroxidation Fat soluble
tocopherol Lipid peroxide and O2·⁻ and ·OH vitamin
scavenger

Beta carotene Scavenges ·OH, O2·⁻ and peroxy Fat soluble

radicals vitamin
Prevents oxidation of vitamin A
Binds to transition metals

Ascorbic acid Directly scavenges O2·⁻, ·OH, and Water soluble

H2O2 vitamin
Neutralizes oxidants from
stimulated neutrophils
Contributes to regeneration of
vitamin E
 Vitamin E
 Family of related compounds
 tocopherols & tocotrienols
 tocotrienols less widely distributed than
tocopherols - considered of less nutritional
importance
 4 major forms based on # & position of
methyl groups on ring - , , , 
 all-rac -tocopherol
 CH 3
HO H 3C CH 3
H 3C H H
2 -Tocopherol
H 3C O 4' 8' CH 3 Activity
CH 3
CH 3 roughly
corresponds to
number of
methyl groups
 Carotenoids

• About 600 identified so far

• Most familiar is yellow-orange pigments of
carrots, -carotene
• Two major groups: carotenes and xanthophylls
 Carotene Groups

Caroteniods

carotenes xanthophylls

ά-carotene Β-carotene crypto- lutein zeaxanthin

xanthin
 Ascorbic acid (vitamin C)

 Biochemical function:
cofactor for at least eight
enzymes
 At the tissue level, a
major function 
collagen synthesis ( vit C
deficiency can lead
scurvy)
 The antioxidant
properties protect NO,
protect against age-
related cataract
 Fruits

• Grapes
• Berry fruits
• Prunes
• Citrus fruits
• Apples
 Vegetables

Tomato Beans
Broccoli Beet
Mushroom Corn
White cabbage Kale
Cauliflower Spinach
Garlic Onion
 Soybean

R2 O

R1 O
OH

Isoflavone R1 R2
Genistein OH OH
Genistin OH O-glucose
Daidzein H OH
Daidzin H O-glucose
 Herb and Spice

OH CH3 OH CH3
HO HO
CH3 O CH3
HOOC C

H3C CH3 H3C CH3

Carnosoic Acid Carnosol

OH
HOOC

O OH

HO
OH Rosemarinic Acid
 Tea

OH

OH
OH

O HO O
HO OH
OH

OH
OH
OH
OH

Epicatechin Epigallocatechin
 Wine

Red wine decreases coronary heart disease mortality

in some part of France. Please drink up to two
glasses !!!

The coumaric, cinnamic, caffeic, and ferulic acids

catechin, epicatechin and quercetin in are good
antioxidants.
 Biological Activities of Phytochemicals

• Antioxidants Carotenoids tocopherol

catechins quercetin
kaempferol genistein
daidzein
• Anticancer Agent s Isoflavones lignans
• DNA repair Agents Vanillin cinnamaldehyde
coumarin anisaldehyde
Terima kasih