Degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
By
Himanshu chauhan (Roll No.-1513340078)
Pankaj Yadav (Roll No.-1513340118)
Shashank Shekher Singh(Roll No.-1513340170)
Himanshu Bharti (Roll No.- 1513340077)
Under the supervision
of
Mr. Annant Dhawan
Ductility-
The composite of the aluminium matrix with silicon carbide
composite and found the throughout decrease in elongation as
low as 2.4%.
The increase in the weight% of fly ash resulted in the
reduction of the ductility due to the clustering and brittleness
of the particles .
As molded dimensional accuracy
Tight tolerance, repeatable moldings
Low-post mold shrinkage
Chemical Resistance
Consolidated Parts and Function
Corrosion Resistance
Design Flexibility
Durable
High Flexural Modulus to Carry Demanding Loads
High Impact Strength
High Performance at Elevated Temperatures
•Heat Resistance
•Naturally Flame Retardant
•Creep Resistance
•Mechanical Property Retention
Superior Thermal Stability
•Lighter Weight than Metal
•Lower Costs vs. Die Cast
•Low Petrochemical content
•Better cost stability than commodities
•Lower Cost per Cubic Inch as compared to Thermoplastics
•Molded-in Color
•Molded in inserts
•Outstanding Electrical Insulation
Higher cost
Technology relatively immature
Fabrication methods for fiber-reinforced MMC's complex
Service experience limited
Some automotive disc brakes use MMCs. Early Lotus
Elise models used aluminum MMC rotors, but they have
less than optimal heat properties and Lotus has since
switched back to cast-iron.
Modern high-performance sport cars, such as those built
by Porsche, use rotors made of carbon fiber within a
silicon carbide matrix because of its high specific
heat and thermal conductivity. 3M developed a
preformed aluminum matrix insert for strengthening cast
aluminum disc brake calipers, reducing weight by half
compared to cast iron while retaining similar stiffness.
3M has also used alumina performs for AMC pushrods.
•Honda has used aluminum metal matrix composite cylinder liners in
some of their engines.
•Some equipment in particle accelerators such as Radio Frequency
Quadrupoles (RFQs) or electron targets use copper MMC compounds
such as Glidcop to retain the material properties of copper at high
temperatures and radiation levels.
•Ford offers a Metal Matrix Composite (MMC) driveshaft upgrade. The
MMC driveshaft is made of an aluminum matrix reinforced with boron
carbide, allowing the critical speed of the driveshaft to be raised by
reducing inertia. The MMC driveshaft has become a common
modification for racers, allowing the top speed to be increased far
beyond the safe operating speeds of a standard aluminum driveshaft
The research efforts and directions related to the present work have
been identified through literature survey. The research papers
concerning with the various properties of composite materials are
discussed in this section.
Vipin K. Sharma et. al. [1] have investigated effect of fly ash particles on the
wear of aluminum metal matrix composite. Stir casting method was used to
fabricate the MMC with 2, 4 & 6% weight of fly ash contents in aluminum. The
wear resistance of the fabricated composites increases with the increase in the fly
ash contents. The composites with 6% fly ash contents resulted in 13.6% less wear
as compared to 2%fly ash content composites. The sample with fly ash content 4%
resulted in the lowest average coefficient of friction (0.12) and sample with high
fly ash contents 6% shows the maximum average coefficient of friction (0.161).
Sumit Kumar Tiwari et. al. [2] studied effect of heat treatment on mechanical
properties of aluminum alloy-fly ash metal matrix composite. This study reveals
that, there is an improvement in tensile strength, compressive strength, hardness as
we increases the weight percentage of fly ash & there is an decrease in ductility
with increase percentage. Also it is concluded that the tensile strength, compressive
strength & hardness decreases with increase in particle size of fly ash. Heat
treatment and ageing further improves these properties
I.A. Alkadir et. al. [3] investigated effect of B4C/fly ash addition on wear and mechanica
properties of Al-Cu-Mg alloy. Stir casting method has been used to fabricate the alloy and hybri
composite samples containing 2wt% of B4C and 5, 10, 15،20 wt % fly ash. The results showe
an increase in the tensile and yield properties with the increase of weight percentage of fly as
content up to 15%. Wear rate examination has been concluded by using pin on disc apparatu
under different loads and sliding velocities. The results showed decrease in wear rate at 20% fl
ash composite sample when compared with other composites samples and base alloy.
Şener Karabulut et. al. [4] have evaluated influence of B4C particle reinforcement o
mechanical and machining properties of Al6061/ B4C composite. Four aluminum 606
composite specimens reinforced with 5 wt. %, 10 wt. %, 15 wt. %, and 20 wt. % B4C wer
fabricated using a powder metallurgy and hot-extrusion method. Result revealed that the fractur
toughness decreases and the hardness increases as the weight fraction of the reinforcemen
increases. The highest tensile and transverse rupture strength are for Al6061/5 wt.% B4C an
Al6061 reinforced with 10 wt.% B4C composite material has the best fracture toughness.
Dinesh Patidar et. al. [5] studied effect of B4C particle reinforcement on the various propertie
of aluminum matrix composites. Initially by increasing the wt. % of B4C particles the hardnes
value increases drastically and with further reinforcement, the increase in hardness value is lowe
The ultimate stress, breaking load, max displacement and flexural strength increases wit
reinforcement of B4C particulates in aluminum matrix. The wear rate and wear volume is foun
increasing by increase in load and sliding velocity and by decrease in weight percentage of boro
carbide. The density was decreased with increasing the amount of the boron carbide in the matri
phase.
Work is reported on synthesis of Al & Fly ash composite
but Hybrid composite materials is not studied up to the
mark as this hybrid composite is lighter one & has vast
potential in disposing industrial waste fly ash.
Work related to tribological properties of Al6061+ Fly
ash + B4C is less on the progress.
Least work is reported on stir casting parameters like
melting temperature, holding time, speed & depth of
stirrer has crucial effect on composite. Heat treatment &
secondary processing like forging is not attributed in
research work.
The range of applications for high-strength light metal components
primarily aluminum, but also magnesium and titanium – is constantly
growing. The motivation for using light metals in the automotive
industry is to reduce weight and ultimately lower fuel consumption and
emissions.
However, light metal construction reaches its limits in areas where it
must withstand high tribological, mechanical or thermal stresses. These
weaknesses can be resolved while maintaining a low component weight
through targeted and in some cases partial reinforcement of the metal
with ceramic particles. It is possible to vary the type of ceramic
particles, their size and volume fractions. The objectives of the
technical and application-specific structure design for such ceramics
include:
Increase mechanical strength
Influence friction and wear (tribology)
Influence thermal expansion
Improve thermal stability
The matrix material used for the present study is 6061Al-alloy. The chemical
composition of matrix material determined using Atomic Absorption
Spectrophotometer (model AA-670, Varian, The Netherlands)
Al2O3 particles with size of 125μm and with varying amounts of 6, 9 and 12wt% are
being used as reinforcing material in the preparation of composites.
Stir casting technique has been used for the preparation of composites.
Initially calculated amount of 6061Al alloy was charged into SiC crucible
and superheated to a temperature of 8000 C in an electrical resistance
furnace.
A novel three stage mixing combined with preheating of the reinforcing particles is
followed. Ceramic Al2O3 particulates were preheated to a temperature of 2000 C in an
oven to remove the adsorbed gases from the particle surface and to avoid high drop of
temperature after addition of particulates.
The stirrer was preheated before immersing into the melt, and is located
approximately to a depth of 2/3 height of the molten metal from the bottom and run at
a speed of 200 rpm. Composite mixture was poured into permanent cast iron moulds
having diameter 12.5mm and length of 125mm at a pouring temperature of 7500 C.
The Micro-Vickers hardness values of the composites before and after addition of Al2O3
particles were measured with a load of 20N using MVH-II digital micro hardness tester
(Zwick/Roell indentec).
The hardness value reported is the average value of 100 readings taken at various locations on
the polished specimen. Similarly tensile tests were carried out before and after addition of Al2O3
particles and for each of the composite three tests were conducted and average value is reported.
We have studied lot of research paper on Analysis of
Aluminium metal matrix composites.
We have collected all the materials necessary for analysis
We have Aluminium 6061 rod,Sic,Aluminum
oxide,Copper and zinc for experiment.
We have discussed with our guide to perform better
experiment.
In next weak ,we are ready to perform experiment at
different temperature to find out different propertries of
composites under the guidance of Mr. Annant Dhawan.
We are sure that our project is benefitial for our
community and betterment for our society.
THANKING YOU