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THE IDEA OF THEORY

Anastasia Yolanda C 1423018008


Yuanita Widya 1423018089
Benyamin Paskahlis 1423018146
Elisabeth Caesaria 1423018152
Adventino P. Millenneo 1423018168
POKOK BAHASAN

Nomothetic Theory
Practical Theory
Theory Development and Change
NOMOTHETIC THEORY
Defined as that which seeks universal
or general laws
NOMOTHIC
THEORY Tradisional Developing question
science Forming hypotheses
Testing the hypotheses
Formulating theory

The classical ideal of science

Philosophical Concepts
assumptions

Explanations
THE CLASSICAL IDEAL OF SCIENCE

(Induction)
Theories (Deduction)

Generalizations Hypotheses

(Method and (Operationalization)


measurement)
Observation
PHILOSOPHICAL ASSUMPTIONS
Nomothetic theories take a paticular position on question of :

Epistemology Axiology
Ontology

Tend to espouse Take a value-


Behavior is basically neutral stance
empiricist and
determined by
rationalist ideas
and responsive to,
biology and enviroment
PRACTICAL THEORY
The opposite of nomothetic theory

PRACTICAL Action
THEORY 5 teneth Knowledge is
by Robyn created socially
Penman
Historical

Affect the reality


they are covering
Principles
Value laden
Philosophical Explanations
assumptions

Concepts
Axiology Value conscious
PHILOSOPHICAL Individuals are goal-
Ontology
ASSUMPTIONS directed agents
People take an
active active role
Epistemology
in creating
knowledge

CONCEPTS Tend not to be represented as universal

Tend to use practical necessity


EXPLANATIONS
as a basis for explanation
PRINCIPLES
Guidelines for reflection and action

Technical level
3 levels of
practical theory Problem level
(Craig &Tracy)
Philosophical level

Focus on a real situation

5 good practical theory Explore what is unique


Consider both the powers & limits
Take action
Learn from experience
THEORY DEVELOPMENT
AND CHANGE
THEORY
DEVELOPMENT Abstraction from reality
AND CHANGE
Requires research

The work of the theorist

Extension
How theories change
Intension

Revolution

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