History ofInformation

Hsitory of Information
Technology
Technology
What is Information Technology?

.” use of any computers, storage, networking

•Is the
and. other physical devices, infrastructure and
processes to create, process, store, secure and
exchange all forms of electronic data.

•Is used in the context of enterprise operations as

opposed to personal or entertainment
technologies. The commercial use of IT
encompasses both computer technology and
telephony.
 Four Main Ages
Pre-Mechanical Age

Mechanical Age
Electromechanical Age

Electronic Age
 Pre-Mechanical Age

This is the earliest age of Information

Technology

 It can be defined as the time between 3000 B.C

and 1450 A.D

 Human started communicating through simple

Drawings known as petroglyths
Petroglyphs are images
created by removing part of a
rock surface by incising, picking,
carving, or abrading, as a form
of rock art.

The term "petroglyphs" (derived

from the Greek word "petra"
meaning stone, and "glyphein"
meaning to carve.
Early alphabets were developed
such as the Phonecian Alphabet

Phoenician alphabet is a writing

system that developed out of the
North Semitic alphabet

The Paleo-Hebrew alphabet is a

local variant of Phoenician

Originated in Lebannon, Syria and

Israel, about 11th century B.C
 The Hindu–Arabic numeral system

Also during this period were the first numbering

systems, Around 100 A.D. was when the first 1-9
system was created by people from India,
however until 875 A.D (775 years later) that the
number 0 was invented

A calculator was the very first sign of an

information technology processor, The popular
model of that time was the Abacus
An abacus is a manual aid to
calculating that consists of
beads or disks that can be
moved up and down on a series
of sticks or strings within a
usually wooden frame.
Mechanical Age
The mechanical age is when we first start to see
connections between our current technology and its
ancestors. The mechanical age can be defined as
the time between 1450 and 1840.

A lot of new technologies were developed in this era

due to an explosion of interest in computation and
information.
 Pascal's calculator (also
known as the arithmetic
machine or Pascaline) is
a mechanical
calculator invented by Blaise
Pascal in the early 17th
century.

He designed the machine to

add and subtract two numbers
directly and to perform
multiplication and division
through repeated addition or
subtraction.
Pascaline from 1652
Blaise Pascal
•Was a French
mathematician,
physicist, inventor, writer
and Catholic theologian.
He was a child prodigy
who was educated by
his father, a tax collector
in Rouen.

Born: 19 June 1623,

Clermont-Ferrand, France
Died: 19 August 1662
Paris, France
Created by Charles
Babbage is an
automatic mechanical
calculator designed to
tabulate polynomial functions
Charles Babbage began to
construct a small difference
engine in c. 1819 and had
completed it by 1822 (Difference
Engine)

Most functions commonly

used by engineers, scientists
and navigators,
including logarithmic and trigon
ometric functions
Electromechanical Age

The electromechanical age can be

defined as the time between 1840 and
1940.

These are the beginnings of

telecommunication.
Telegraph

The telegraph was created in the

early 1800s.

 The telegraph revolutionized

long-distance communication. It
worked by transmitting electrical
signals over a wire laid between
stations.

Morse Code
Is a character encoding scheme
used in telecommunication that
encodes text characters as
standardized sequences of two
different signal durations
called dots and dashes or dits and
dahs.
Alexander Graham Bell was a Scottish-born
scientist, inventor, engineer, and innovator who is
credited with inventing and patenting the first
practical telephone.
Guglielmo Marconi(25 April 1874 – 20
July 1937) was an Italian
inventor and electrical engineer,
known for his pioneering work on long-
distance radio
transmission, development
of Marconi's law, and a radio
telegraph system. He is credited as
the inventor of radio.

Guglielmo Marconi, 1st Marquis of

Marconi was an Italian inventor and
electrical engineer, known for his
pioneering work on long-distance
radio transmission, development of
Marconi's law, and a radio telegraph.
The first large-scale automatic digital computer in the United States was the
Mark 1 created by Harvard University around 1940.

This computer was 8ft high, 50ft long, 2ft wide, and weighed 5 tons - HUGE. It
was programmed using punch cards.
PUNCH CARD
Electronic Age
The electronic age is where we currently live in. It
can be defined as the time between 1940 and right
now.

The electronic age began when electronic

equipment, including computers came into use.
ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer)

The ENIAC was the first high-speed, digital computer capable of being
reprogrammed to solve a full range of computing problems.

This computer was designed to be used by the U.S. Army for artillery
firing tables.
This machine was even bigger than the Mark
1 taking up 680 square feet and weighing 30
tons.
Four main sections of digital computing
and Storage

Rotating magnetic drums

vacuum tubes with transistors

Transistors with integrated circuits

 CPUs (central processing units)

Rotating magnetic drums
Vacuum tubes with transistors
Transistors with integrated circuits
CPU (Central Processing Units)