+ Binondo -Government officials

-Spaniards feared the Chinese Mestizo

+ Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda was born on
June 19, 1861 and died on December 30, 1896.
+ He was baptized Jose Rizal Mercado at the Catholic of
Calamba
+ Jose Rizal was the 7th child in a family of 11 children
+ His parents are Francisco Mercado and Teodora Alonso
+ Saturnina Rizal (1850 – 1913) + Jose Rizal (1861 – 1896)
+ Paciano Rizal (1851 – 1930) + Concepcion Rizal (1862 – 1965)
+ Narcisa Rizal (1852 – 1939) + Josefa Rizal (1865 – 1945)
+ Olympia Rizal (1855 – 1887) + Trinidad Rizal (1868 – 1951)
+ Lucia Rizal (1857 – 1919) + Soledad Rizal (1870 – 1929)
+ Maria Rizal (1859 – 1945)
+ His desire to learn, even frequenting the church nearby his
home to watch and observe people
+ Jose Rizal was not a physically blessed or strong child
+ He learned almost without the use of books.
+ Jose Rizal learned his letters at the age of 3.
+ Rizal even tried to spell out the words of his sister’s story book
with the use of a syllabary.
+ Jose, took care of teaching regular lessons to Rizal.
+ Manuel developed his physique until he had a body of silk and
steel .
+ Gregorio instilled in the mind of Rizal that it was not easy to
obtain something until you put effort into it.
+ There was a also a time when Rizal was able to draw a bird
flying nearby without lifting the pencil.
+ Clay and wax were the favorite play materials of Rizal.
+ Jose Rizal also owned a pony and used it to have long rides into
the surrounding country.
+ He also took long walks together with his big black dog named
Usman.
+ He learned about the myths and legends in Laguna
+ Rizal was also good in hand tricks
+ He knew how to respect the rights of others and requested his
elders to reason with him
+ Doña Teodora
+ Jose's first non-formal teacher
+ On her lap, Jose learned prayers and the alphabet at the age of
three.
+ Maestro Celestino
– Jose’s first private tutor
+ Maestro Lucas Padua
– Second private tutor
+ Maestro Leon Monroy
– Tutor in Spanish and Latin
– Classmate of Don Francisco (Father of Jose)
+ Uncle Jose Alberto
– Gave wise direction in the studies of Rizal
+ Uncle Gregorio
– Instilled into the mind of Jose the love for education
+ Uncle Manuel Alberto
– Concerned with Jose’s physical development
– He also taught Jose the love for open air and admiration for the
beauty of nature
+ June 1869
– Jose goes to Biñan with Paciano
– Through Carromata (type of transportation)
+ Aunt’s House
– Where Jose lodged during his stay in Biñan
+ Maestro Justiniano Aquibo Cruz
– Formal teacher
– Tall, thin, long-necked, sharp nosed, with a body slightly bent forward
– The school was in Maestro Justiniano’s House
+ Pedro (the teacher’s son)
– Wrestling
+ Andres Salandanan
– Arm wrestling
+ Old Juancho
– Freely gave Jose painting lessons
– Jose Rizal and his classmate Jose Guevarra became Old Juancho’s
apprentice
+ Jose surpassed his classmates in Spanish, Latin and other
subjects
+ His older classmates were jealous and squealed to the teacher
whenever he had fights
+ Jose usually received five or six blows while laid out on a bench
+ December 17, 1870
– Jose left Biñan
– Talim the steamer (type of transportation)
+ Arturo Camps
– A Frenchman and a friend of Don Francisco
– Accompanied Jose during the trip
+ When the Spaniards came to the Philippines, the concept of
encomienda (Royal Land Grants) was introduced. This system
grants that Encomienderos must defend his encomienda from
external attack, maintain peace and order within, and support
the missionaries. In turn, the encomiendero acquired the right
to collect tribute from the indios (native).

+ The system, however, degenerated into abuse of power by the

encomienderos The tribute soon became land rents to a few
powerful landlords. And the natives who once cultivated the
lands in freedom were transformed into mere share tenants.
+ Thousands of hectares of the best land in the archipelago were
owned or held by the religious orders.
+ The friars owned haciendas
+ There were reports that they abused and claimed lands
without titles
+ To put an end to the problem, the lands were purchased by the
government for sale to actual occupants under the provisions
of Act 1120 or the Friar Lands Act
+ In 1570 the encomienda was introduced in the Philippines
when Legaspi, in compliance with the decree issued by King
Philip II in 1558, distributed lands in Cebu to loyal Spanish
subjects.
+ Used the term barangay, pueblos and municipios for easier
identification and classification.