Addi Mardi Harnanto

 Disasters occur daily throughout the world,

posing severe public health threats and
resulting in tremendous impact in terms of
deaths, injuries, infrastructure and facility
damage and destruction, suffering, and loss
of livelihoods (ICN & WHO, 2009).
 DISASTER SUPERMARKET

 DISASTER LABORATORY
“Nurses are often the first
medical personnel on site
after disaster strikes. In these
situations where resources
are scarce, nurses are called
upon to take roles as first
responder, direct care
provider, on-site coordinator
of care, information provider
or educator, mental health
counsellor and triage officer.”
 DISASTER CYCLE

1. IMPACT
X
7. PREPARED
NESS X X 2. ACUTE RESPONSE
1. RESCUE - TRIAGE
2. ACUTE MEDICAL RESPONSE
6. MITIGATION X 3. EMERGENCY RELIEF
4. EMERGENCY REHABILITATION

X 3. RECOVERY
5. PREVENTION X
X
4. DEVELOPMENT

Perkembangan Disaster
Natural disaster  Industrial disaster  Complex disaster

Langkah2 Menuju Preparedness

Hazard & Vulnerability  Resource mapping  National priority mapping
Mapping (High Hazard & Vulnerability
- low resource)
 Geomedic mapping
 The ICN (2006, p. 13) cited in ICN & WHO (2009)
describes the value of nurse involvement in
disasters as: “Nurses with their technical skills
and knowledge of epidemiology, physiology,
pharmacology, cultural-familial structures, and
psychosocial issues can assist in disaster
preparedness programmes, as well as during
disasters. Nurses, as team members, can play a
strategic role cooperating with health and social
disciplines, government bodies, community
groups, and non-governmental agencies,
including humanitarian organizations.”
 first responder
 direct care provider & on-site coordinator of
care
 information provider or educator
 mental health counselor/ physiological care
 triage officer
 care of vulnerable population
 YA
KORBAN DAPAT BERJALAN ?

TIDAK

KORBAN BERNAFAS ?
TIDAK YA

≥ 30 X
BUKA JALAN NAFAS FREKUENSI NAFAS
(AIRWAY CLEARANCE)
KORBAN BERNAFAS ? < 30 X
≥ 2 dtk
CAPILARRY REFILL
TIDAK YA
< 2 dtk
TIDAK
ADA STATUS MENTAL :
RESPON PERINTAH
SEDERHANA
ADA
 Long Term individual, family and community
Recovery.
 Risk reduction, diseases prevention, health
promotion.
 Policy development & planning.
 Ethical practice, legal practice &
accountability.
 Communication & information sharing.
 Educational & preparedness.
Collecting
Area:
Peran Disaster Area:
perawat Evakuasi
dimulai dilakukan oleh
TRIAGE staf terlatih:
militer dan
Basarnas

CARE AREA
Praktik keperawatan gawat
darurat yang profesional

first responder

mengambil keputusan
yang berorientasi pada
penyelamatan nyawa
 Survey the scene
 Responsiveness
 Active Emergency
Medical Services
 Position on back
(awareness)

Jika korban masal

TRIASE
 PREVENTIF DAN PPROMITIF

MITIGASI
SELALU BERPRINSIP PADA EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICES
Referensi:
WHO. (2008). Nursing Disaster Competencies
Handbook. Geneva: ICN & WHO.