VAPOUR COMPRESSION REFRIGERATION SYSTEM

Presented by :-
HRISHIKESH R. SHINDE Under the guidance of :-
1604112 Prof. Dr. A. A. GADHIKAR
 The Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle involves four
components : Compressor, Condenser, Expansion valve/throttle
valve and Evaporator.

 It is a compression process, whose aim is to raise the refrigerant

pressure, as it flows from an evaporator. The high-pressure
refrigerant flows through a condenser/heat exchanger before
attaining the initial low pressure and going back to the
evaporator.

 The refrigerant used does not leave the system, but is circulated
throughout the system alternately condensing and evaporating.

 Since the low pressure vapour refrigerant from the evaporator is

changed into high pressure vapour refrigerant in the
compressor, hence it is named as vapour compression
refrigeration system.
 1) Compressor :-
The refrigerant enters the
compressor at low temperature
and low pressure. It is in a
gaseous state.
Here, compression takes place to
raise the temperature and
refrigerant pressure. The
refrigerant leaves the compressor
and enters to the condenser.
Since this process requires work,
an electric motor may be used.
The compressor used is a
hermetically sealed compressor.
 2)Condenser :-
Condensation changes gas to a
liquid form. Its main purpose is
to liquefy the refrigerant gas
sucked by the compressor from
the evaporator. As condensation
begins, the heat will flow from
the condenser into the air, only if
the condensation temperature is
higher than that of the
atmosphere. The high-pressure
vapour in the condenser will be
cooled to become a liquid
refrigerant again, this time with a
little heat. The liquid refrigerant
will then flow from the condenser
to a liquid line.
 3) Expansion Valve :-
Commonly placed before the
evaporator and at the end of
the liquid line, the expansion
valve is reached by the liquid
refrigerant after it has been
condensed. Reducing the
pressure of the refrigerant, its
temperature will decrease to a
level below its atmosphere.
This liquid will then be
pumped into the evaporator.
 4)Evaporator :-
An evaporator is used to turn any
liquid material into gas. In this
process, heat is absorbed. The
evaporator transfers heat from the
refrigerated space into a heat pump
through a liquid refrigerant, which
boils in the evaporator at a low-
pressure. In achieving heat transfer,
the liquid refrigerant should be
lower than the goods being cooled.
After the transfer, liquid refrigerant
is drawn by the compressor from
the evaporator through a suction
line. Liquid refrigerant will be in
vapour form upon leaving the
evaporator coil.
 6)Receiver :-
By having a store of liquid refrigerant, a system can respond to varying
heat loads by varying the flow of refrigerant. In other words, the
cooling capacity of the refrigerator can be varied as required. You put
all your groceries in the fridge and it responds with an increased flow
of refrigerant to cool your groceries faster. Once chilled, the flow of
refrigerant is then reduced in line with the reduced heat load. Note,
the liquid receiver alone cannot provide this functionality. A
thermostatic expansion valve is used in combination with the liquid
receiver.
Refrigerant:- No Properties HFC-134a
Modern refrigerators -14.9°F or -
usually use a refrigerant 1 Boiling Point
26.1°C
called HFC-134a, which
does not deplete the Auto-
1418°F or
ozone layer, instead 2 Ignition
of CFCs. 770°C
Temperature

Ozone
3 Depletion 0
Level

Critical
4 252°F or 122°C
Temperature

Cylinder
5 Light Blue
Color Code
 (COP)Refrigerator = Refrigeration Effect
Work Done by Compressor

Therefore,
(COP)R = h1 – h4
h2 - h1
Subcooling:-
After condensation process, the refrigerant is cooled below the
saturation temperature before expansion by throttling. This process is
known as subcooling.

Superheating :-
After evaporation process, the refrigerant is heated above the
saturation temperature before entering the compressor. This process is
known as superheating.
THANK YOU!