MAKAN SECARA SIHAT

& TINGKAHLAKU MAKAN

Suwaibah AH 1
PUSAT LAPAR DAN
PUSAT KENYANG
PADA BAHAGIAN OTAK
Type 2 diabetes: Being an overweight sufferer could harm
your BRAIN (and cause dementia)
TYPE 2 diabetes affects 2.7 million people in the UK, and 90 per cent of those are
overweight or obese. Scientists say this puts sufferers at an increased risk of brain
abnormalities.

"Our findings also highlight the need for

early intervention aimed to reduce risk
factors for overweight or obesity in type 2
diabetic individuals to preserve their brain
structure and cognitive function."
We found that disease duration-related alterations in cortical thickness and white
matter integrity were more prominent in overweight or obese type 2 diabetic
individuals than in those with normal weight.
 How might being overweight or obese
lead to a reduction in brain volume?
Inflammation could mediate the
effects of obesity on the brain. Adipose
(fat) tissue is known to produce
chemicals called cytokines, which may
contribute to neurodegeneration. It
contains immune system cells called
macrophages and monocytes, too,
which are also implicated in
Alzheimer’s.
How extra fats effect brain size

The research published in the journal Diabetologia

found those with early stage type 2 diabetes and
excess body weight had more severe and progressive
abnormalities to their brain structure and cognition
compared to their normal-weight counterparts.

SUGAR INTAKE EVENTUALLY BLUNTS DOPAMINE

RELEASE , JUST LIKE COCAINE .
 Brains of overweight people look ten years
older than those of lean peers
Scans show greater shrinkage in volume of white matter in overweight and obese
people, although it does not appear to affect cognitive performance

Researchers have discovered

that this shrinkage differs
depending on a subject’s BMI.
“The overall message is that
brains basically appear to be
10 years older if you are
overweight or obese,” said Lisa
NORMAL Ronan, first author of the study
OBESE from the University of
Cambridge.

A study of Obesity and brain structure by

analysing MRI scans from 473 individuals aged
between 20 and 87.
Correlation between brain size and obesity among 6-16 years
age school children in Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
Swamy KB1, Suwaibah Abdul Hadi2 & K. Sateesh Babu3
1Faculty of Medicine, MAHSA University, Jalan University Campus,Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;
2 Health Clinic of Ringlet, Ministry of Health, Cameron Highlands,Malaysia;
3 Molecular Medicine, India

Introduction: Obesity is defined as having a body mass index (BMI) of 30

or higher. Childhood obesity is acknowledged as one of the most serious (Malaysian Association for the Study of
public health challenges of the 21st century. Malaysia has earned the Obesity) MASO 2015
inglorious title of the region’s fattest nation, and the sixth most obese
country in Asia. In recent years obesity has been attributed to significant Scientific Conference on Obesity
brain atrophy and cognitive impairment. Objectives: To identify the effect
of obesity on brain size among school children in Kuala Terengganu, in conjunction with World Obesity Day
Malaysia. Methodology: Weights and heights of the subjects were on 11 October 2015
measured using the SECA Digital Weighing Scale and SECA 217
Stadiometer to the nearest 0.1 kg. and 0.1 cm. respectively. “Combating Obesity: Societal and
Cephalometry was performed for each subject in sitting and head in the
anatomical position to evaluate the brain size. Analysis was performed
Environmental issues and challenges”
using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20.00
(IBM Inc, Chicago, Il, USA). Continuous variables were assessed for
normality using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Mean and standard
deviation (SD) were used for the data since the data were normally
distributed in this study. Results and Discussion: A total of 419 subjects
(203 males and 216 females) participated in this study. The mean and
SD for age was 12.51 ± 2.82 years. Body weight, height, BMI (Body
mass index), waist and hip circumferences and percentage of body fat
were measured. According to BMI for age percentiles, 65.6% (n=274)
were having normal (healthy) weight where as 9.8% had overweight
(n=41), 6.9% subjects fell into obese group (n=29), 14.6% were
underweight (n=61) and 3.1% were found severely obese (n=13). For
percentage of body fat, 29.6% are at average level (n=124), compared
with 16.9% were in fitness, 17.9% were obese, 12.6% athletes and 2.6% Cerebral atrophy is the morphological presentation of brain
had essential fat. Conclusion: BMI and age are correlated with parenchymal volume loss that is frequently seen on cross
decreased total brain volume. A 2.4% decrease in brain parenchymal sectional imaging. Rather than being a primary diagnosis, it
volume is observed in obese individuals when compared to normal is the common endpoint for range disease processes that
individuals (Ward et al.2014). affect the central nervous system.
There is an association between BMI and carrying at least one copy of the risk allele at a predetermined FTO tagging SNP. Carrying a risk
allele is also associated with statistically significant differences in regional brain volumes (p=1.31x10-3). For every1-unit increase in BMI
there was an associated 1-1.5 percent average brain tissue reduction in the frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital lobes. There were
also signs of atrophy in both the brain stem and cerebellar regions.26
In order to confirm that these changes were not attributed to microvascular damage in white matter, a measure of white matter
burden (WMB) was regressed against brain structure. WMB did not explain the brain atrophy related to FTO because WMB affected
different brain regions than the FTO risk allele. With a unit increase in WMB, there was approximately a 10 percent reduction in the frontal
lobe and precuneus brain region (p=0.0016). Also, an observed 15-20 percent increase in ventricular volume was attributed to WMB.