Anda di halaman 1dari 42

RESIDUAL LIFE ASSESSMENT

of
TRANSFORMERS
Conventional Tests
Dissolved Gas Analysis ( DGA )
Interfacial Tension ( IFT )
Viscosity
Flash Point
Total Acidity
Moisture Content
Sludge Content
Tan Delta
Resistivity
Breakdown Voltage
Dissolved Gas Analyser
Moisture & Total Acid number Analyser
Laboratory Furfural Analyser
RESIDUAL LIFE ASSESSMENT
of
TRANSFORMERS

Chemical Reactions
Contributors
of
Deterioration
1 PYROLYSIS
(1)
2 OXIDATION

3 HYDROLYSIS
RESIDUAL LIFE ASSESSMENT
of
TRANSFORMERS

Applied Mechanical
Contributors Stresses
of
Deterioration  Electromagnetic
(2) forces due to short -
circuit
 Ingress currents
 Vibration
 Thermally generated
force due
to different thermal
expansion
RESIDUAL LIFE ASSESSMENT
of
TRANSFORMERS

Contributors
Voltage Stresses
of
Deterioration
(3) Over Voltages

Surge Voltages
Deterioration
of
Transformers

Decomposition Di - electric
of Results in
Failure
paper / oil

Displacement of Coils / Bulging /


Ruptures
Dissolved Gas Analysis ( DGA )
of
Paper / Oil
Overheating
 < 140 Deg C Co2 / Co ratio > 10
CELLULOSE
> 250 Deg C Co2 / Co ratio <5
Overheating

> 500 Deg C C2H4,C2H6,CH4

MINERAL <500 Deg C Co2 , H2O

 OIL

Pyrolysis due to arcing H2,C2H2,CH4,C2H4


Methodology of Estimation
Extent of deterioration can be estimated from :
 Degree of polymerisation of cellulose paper as per IEC 450
 Furfural in oil as per IEC 1198
Developmental steps of Life Estimation Method:
 Establishment of analytical techniques of Furfural
 from oil and degree of polymerisation of cellulose paper
 Laboratory ageing of oil paper insulation under
 simulated service conditions of transformer
 Measurement of properties of oil paper and
 derivation of correlation to life
 Validation from service transformers
Portable Furfural Analyser
Flask Shaker for DP Measurement
Viscometer with bath for DP
RBOT Test Apparatus
ANALYSIS Aged at
of 140 Deg C
PAPER SAMPLES

Hours of Degree of Tensile Percent


ageing Polymerisation strength elongation
( kg / cm2 )
Fresh 850 12 .00 95.0
100 596 1.50 80.0
250 386 0.75 65.0
500 163 0.25 45.0
750 100 --- --
ANALYSIS Aged at
of 140 Deg C
OIL SAMPLES

Hours of DP Acidity Kinematic Furfural


ageing mg KOH per viscosity at
gm oil 27 Deg C (cS ) ( ppm )

Fresh 850 0.03 14 .00 NIL


100 596 0.25 14.40 0.36
250 386 0.26 16.00 1.80
500 163 0.31 17.40 8.00
750 100 0.36 20.10 9.00
DP & Mechanical Properties
of
Transformer paper ( Site A )

LOCATION DP %ELONGA- BREAK-


- TION - ING LOAD
(kg)

R PHASE 430 80.0 3.9


HV LEAD

B PHASE 635 19.0 5.0


HV LEAD

TERTIARY 318 6.5 3.0


COIL
Transformer Expected values Experimental &
details by calculation estimated

RL DP Furfural Furfural DP RL
(yrs) (mg/ltr. (mg/ltr.) (yrs)
Life
1. VTPS 18.4 597 0.26 0.10 714 23.2
estimation
of REACTOR-I
Transformers 2. VTPS 18.8 620 0.20 0.01 950 34.8
of REACTOR-II
APSEB
& 3. UAT 6B 34.0 975 0.01 0.02 877 30.0

PGCIL, 4. UAT 5B 34.5 987 0.01 0.02 916 31.6


Vijayawada
5. KONDAPALLY 30.0 878 0.03 0.02 916 31.6

6. STAGE-II 27.0 805 0.05 0.03 856 29.1

7. R PHASE 12.7 460 0.80 0.18 644 20.3


GUNADALA

8. Y Phase 12.7 460 0.79 0.70 475 13.0

9. B Phase 12.7 460 0.79 0.93 439 12.0


Scope of work under
Residual Life Assessment of Transformer

The Assessment is done in TWO parts


PART - A PART - B
1. Assessment of transformer
1. Physico Chemical &
through expert system from
Electrical properties DGA data

measurement 2. Status of oil from PART - A


3. Measurement of Furfural
2. Special tests ,
from paper / oil made available
spectroscopic & and fitting with Life Equation
program
oxidation stability
4. Recommendations
tests
Format for Data Collection
History of Transformer
1. TYPE OF TRANSFORMER :

2. RATING :

3. DATE OF MANUFACTURE :

4. Sl NO. & MAKE :

5. DATE OF COMMISSIONING :
AND LOCATION

6. INSULATION DETAILS : WEIGHT OF OIL =


WEIGHT OF PAPER
7. TYPE OF WINDING USED(tick) : Spiral/Cont.Disc/Section

8. TYPE OF COOLING :

9. MAKE OF OIL USED :

10. QTY. OF OIL USED : In Tank =


In Conservator =

11. DATE & NO.OF TOPPING :


Ups DONE

12. QTY. OF OIL USED FOR EACH :


TOPPING & LAST DATE
OF TOPPING
13. DETAILS OF BREAKDOWNS(Minor) :

14. DETAILS OF BREAKDOWNS (Major):

15. TEMP. DATA : Oil temp.


Winding temp.

16. DGA AND OTHER DATA :

H2 CO CO2 CH4 C2 H6 C2 H4 C2 H2

BREAKDOWN VOLTAGE (kV) :


MOISTURE (PPM) :
RESISTIVITY X 10 – 12 (ohm.cm) :
TAN DELTA (90 C) :
TOTAL ACIDITY (mg/g) :
IFT AT 27 c (N/m) :
FLASH POINT (C) :
FURFURAL CONTENT :

17. REMARKS FOR ANY FOLLOW UP :

SIGNATURE
NAME :
DATE DESIGNATION :
Transformer History

Type : Power Transformer


Site : HZL Udaipur
Equip.voltage(KV) : 132
Date of manufacture : 1976
Make : BHEL
Serial No. : 6003953
Date of commissioning : 1976
Remarks : 132/11kV, 30/20MVA
Sample :1
Date : 22/4/2000
Transformer History
H2 CO CO2 CH4 C2H6 C2H4 C2H2
18.0 328.0 1563.0 29.0 2.0 4.0 1.0
By Dissolved gas analysis
Roger’s method : Circulating currents in windings
Church method : Pyrolysis
TCG method : Normal
Hitachi method : Over - heating & discharge
IEC method : Unable to detect fault
Boveri method : Over - heating
Dornenberg method : Pyrolysis
Key gas method :Over - heated cellulose
Probable fault :Pyrolysis
Estimated localised temp : 626.329599 ( Hitachi )
Transformer History

Breakdown voltage (kV) : 38


Moisture(ppm) : 21.0
Resistivity x 10 12 (ohm.cm) : 0.56
Tan Delta (90° C) : 0.0433
Total actidity (mg/g) : 0.0320
IFT at 27 ° C (N/m) : 23.90
Flash point (°C) : 142.0

BY ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES
Electrical strength <40kV : Recondition oil
Overall recommendation : Recondition oil
Example
1. DEGREE OF POLYMERISATION AND FURFURAL
CONTENT

2. FURFURAL CONTENT AND RESIDUAL AGE OF PAPER

3. DEGREE OF POLYMERISATION AND RESIDUAL


AGE OF PAPER

4. EXIT

GIVE CHOICE : 1

GIVE THE ELAPSED AGE OF PAPER (YRS) : 25

DP = 392.857143

FUR = 1.364660(MG/1)

RESIDUAL AGE = 10.000000 (YRS)


Residual Life Assessment
Referance List of Contracts
Customer Type Rating Year of
Manuf RLA
BBMB ST 220/66 kV 1960 96-99
(Dhulkote) 45/60 MVA
BBMB ST 220/6 kV 1974 96 -99
(Jamalpur ) 50/75/100 MVA
NTPC GT 10.5/220 kV 1972 96 - 97
( Badarpur ) 125 MVA
HSEB GT 11/69 kV 1974 1997
(Faridabad) 75 MVA
HZL ST 132/11 1976 2000 - 01
(Udaipur) 20/30 MVA
Residual Life Assessment
of
Transformers

Proposals of BHEL under active consideration

TNB, Malaysia.
100 numbers of BHEL make transformers are in operation in
Malaysia. Out of these,12 numbers have been ear - marked for RLA
study under phase - I. Negotiations are in advanced stage to finalise
the order.
ONGC.
ONGC has offered 39 transformers for RLA studies. Negotiations
are in progress.
--BY C.P.DESHMUKH
CONDITIONING MONITORING
of
TRANSFORMERS

Tests to be conducted

Oil Tests as per ISS / IEC for in - service oil


Dissolved Gas Analysis ( DGA )
Furfural Analysis
Frequence Response Analysis
Tan Delta of Winding & Bushing
Acoustic Emission Analysis
Recovery Voltage Measurement
Surge Comparision
Infra - red Thermographic Survey
Other Tests
ACOUSTIC PD FOR
TRANSFORMER
 USES A SOUND-ELECTRIC TRANSDUCER
WHICH IS KEPT ON TRANSORMER TANK TO
SENSE SOUND DUE TO DISCHARGES

 TUNED FOR PD FREQUENCY AND IMMUNE


FOR OTHER NOISES

 PD DETECTION IN NO. OF COUNTS/SEC.


ADVANTAGES OF ACOUSTIC PD
 ON-LINE MEASUREMENT

 LOCATES PARTIAL DISCHARGE REGION

 QUICK AND EASY DETECTION

 BATTERY POWERED

 AIDING DGA RESULTS


FREQUENCY RESPONSE
ANALYSIS
 SHORT CIRCUIT FORCES COULD MOVE THE WINDING

 CAN ALSO CHANGE WINDING INDUCTANCES AND CAPACITANCES

 SHORT CIRCUIT FAILURES COULD BE INSTANTANEOUS. HOWEVER IT


MAY HAVE SURVIVED SEVERAL EARLIER SHORT CIRCUITS WITH
GRADUAL DETERIORATION UNTIL THERMAL OR DIELECTRIC
FAILUERES

 CONVENTIONAL TESTS ARE NOT SENSITIVE TO WINDING


MOVEMENTS

 SUCH CHANGES CAN BE EFFECTIVELY DETECTED BY FRA


METHOD FOLLOWED FOR FRA
 DIGITAL RECORDING OF INPUT PULSES AND WINDING
RESPONSE IN THE FORM OF NEUTRAL CURRENT OR
OUTPUT VOLTAGE

 FFT OF THE RECORDED PULSES

 COMPARISON OF FFT AT REGULAR INTERVALS OF


TIME

 GENERATION OF ALL FREQUENCIES ALTERNATE,


UNIT STEP RESPONCE
OTHER TESTS
 SURGE COMPARISON TEST
*RECURRENT SURGE GENERATOR
*OUTPUTVOLTAGE ~ TIME CHARACTERITSIC
 RECOVERY VOLTAGE TEST
*D.C VOLTAGE BETWEEN WINDINGS
*DECAY TIME CONSTANT
 TAN DELTA AND CAPACITANCE & IR FOR
WINDING
*STANDARD BRIDGE
Recovery Voltage Measurement

Direct current recovery voltage measurement is one of


Diagnostic Tool for Conditioning Monitoring of the Oil - Paper
insulation of transformer.
It detects the content of water percentage present in the insulation
system.
PRINCIPLE:
a) sample of discharged insulation
b) charge with D.C. voltage and note time
c) sample to be short circuited for predetermined
period of time ( approximately half of charged time)
d) open the terminal and measure voltage
Recovery Voltage Measurement

CASE STUDY :
Sl.No Rec. Voltage Charging Time ( Sec ) Moisture ( % wt )

#1 126.04 19.39 2.88


163.37 342.97 1.48

#2 131.65 20.31 2.86


209.49 841.14 1.04

Values depend upon humidity and wind of atmosphere.


THERMAL SCANNING

With the help of a infra -red thermo


vision camera , thermal image of
transformer is prepared. This scanning
helps in detecting overheated , loose and
corroded connections in transformer.

A typical case study conducted on


bushings , giving temperature of thimbles
is as shown in next slides.
Infra - red Thermal Scan
of
Transformer
57.1°C

55

LI01

50

45

40

36.0°C
Record of measurement of bushing terminal
temperature by thermo - vision camera

Sl Plant Transf. Details Temp ( Deg C ) Remarks


No Sl.no. R Y B
1. Vijaya- 250 MVA 32 32 32 OK
-wada 220 kv GT-1
2 - do - 250 MVA 32 32 32 OK
220kV GT-2
3 - do - 250 MVA 32 37 53 Conn.of
220kV GT-3 B tightened
4 - do - 250 MVA 32 32 32 OK
220kV GT-4
Record of measurement of bushing terminal
temperature by thermo - vision camera

Sl Plant Transf. Details Temp ( Deg C ) Remarks


No Sl.no. R Y B
5. Sabar - 100 MVA 32 106.3 39 Terminal Y
-mati 66 kv IGT found loose
6. PSEB 100 MVA 77 33 36 Chattering
sound in R.
Terminal
found
loose
7. MPEB 315 MVA 38 36 38 OK

Anda mungkin juga menyukai