Finite Control Volume Analysis

5.1 Conservation of Mass—The

Continuity Equation

System and control volume at three different

instances of time.
(a)System and control volume at time t-δt.
(b) System and control volume at time t,
Continuity equation

Fixed,
Nondeforming
steady
Control Volume
the steady and incompressible

Q = A1V1 = A2V2
 Ex. 5.1 Conservation of Mass—Steady,
Incompressible Flow

a complete change of the air every 3 minutes, rectangular

tank with a height of 10 ft and a square base 6 ft by 6 ft
FIND Determine: (a) the exchange rate needed (ft3/min)
for this tank and
(b) the velocity of the air entering and exiting the tank at
Solution:
this exchange rate.
a.).

b.).
Ex. 5.2 Conservation of Mass—Steady,
Compressible Flow

FIND Calculate the average air velocity at section 112.

Solution:
Ex. 5.3 Conservation of Mass—Two Fluids
FIND Determine the mass
flowrate of the dry air
and the water vapor
Solution:leaving the dehumidifier.
Ex. 5.4 Conservation of Mass—Nonuniform
Velocity Profile
FIND
(a) How are U and
umax related?
(b) How are the
average velocity at
Solution: section (2), V, and
umax related?

a.).

b.).
 Moving,
Nondeforming Control Volume
V = W+Vcv

Deforming Control Volume

V = W+Vcs
 EXAMPLE 5.8

Vp =
?
Solution:
5.2 Newton’s Second Law—The
Linear Momentum and Moment-of-
Momentum Equations
The time rate of change of system linear
momentum is expressed as the sum of the
two control volume quantities:
• The time rate of change of the linear
momentum of the contents of the control
volume, and
• The net rate of linear momentum flow
through the control surface.
 Ex. 5.10 Linear Momentum—Change in
Flow Direction

Fax = ? Faz
Solution =?
:
A flowing fluid can be forced to
1. change direction
2. speed up or slow down
3. have a velocity profile change
4. do only some or all of the above
5. do none of the above

Typical forces considered include

(a) pressure
(b) friction
(c) weight
Ex. 5.11 Linear Momentum—Weight, Pressure, and
Change in Speed
Ex. 5.12 Linear Momentum—Pressure and Change
in Flow Direction

Solutio
n:
Ex. 5.13 Linear Momentum—Pressure, Change in
Speed, and Friction
FIND Determine the
frictional force exerted
by the pipe wall on the
airflow between sections
(1) and (2).
Solution:
Ex. 5.14 Linear Momentum—Weight, Pressure, Friction,
and Nonuniform Velocity Profile
Ex. 5.15 Linear Momentum
—Thrust
FIND Estimate the
nominal anchoring
force for which to
design.

Solution:
Derivation of the Moment-of-
Momentum Equation

-r2Vg2 = Tshaf
Ex. 5.18
a.Tshaft = ?
b.Tshaft= ?; w= 500 rpm
c.w = ?; Tshaft = 0

Solutio
n:
5.3 First Law of Thermodynamics
—The Energy Equation
Streamtube flow
Comparison of the Energy Equation
with the Bernoulli Equation
the Energy
Equation

the Bernoulli
Equation
Ex. 5.20

P=
Solution ?
:
Ex. 21
Ex. 5.22 Energy—Temperature Change
shaft work head and is the
head loss
Comparison of the Energy Equation
with the Bernoulli Equation
Ex. 5.25 Energy—Head Loss and
Power Loss
Application of the Energy
Equation to Nonuniform Flows
Ex. 26 Energy—Effect of Nonuniform
Velocity Profile