Teaching
What Is
Self-Schemas
Motivation
Four
Interests and Approaches to
Motivation Goal
Motivation
Orientation and
Motivation
Motivation
Motivation defined:
Internal state
Arouses, directs, maintains behavior
Intrinsic / Extrinsic
Locus of causality
Four General Approaches to
Motivation
Behavioral Approach
Rewards are consequences of behaviors
Incentives encourage or discourage
behaviors
Humanistic Approaches
Third force psychology
Emphasis on personal choice
Needs
Self-actualization / Self-determination
Maslow’s hierarchy
See Figure 10.1, Woolfolk, p. 371 and
Point▼Counterpoint p. 372
Maslow’s Hierarchy
Deficiency needs Being needs
Survival Endlessly renewed
Pre-requisite Whole person
Survival Intellect /
Safety achievement
Belonging Aesthetics
Self-esteem Self-actualization
Maslow’s Hierarchy
Self-
Actualization Being (growth)
Motivation increases
Need Needs
as needs are met
Aesthetic Needs
Locus Internal /
Stability external
Stable / unstable
Responsibility
Controllable /
uncontrollable
Examples of Attribution Theory
Internal locus, stable, controllable:
I am good at studying for multiple choice
tests, so I will do well on the next
Educational Psychology Exam.
Internal, stable, uncontrollable:
Essay tests are always hard for me, so I
won’t do well in American Literature.
Sociocultural Conceptions of
Motivation
Emphasizes participation in communities
of practice
Legitimate peripheral participation
Relate to authentic tasks
See table 10.2, Woolfolk, p. 376 for a
comparison of all four approaches
Goal Orientation and
Motivation
Why Goals Improve
Performance