Fahad Saleem
BPharm (Hons), MPhil (Pharmacology), MBA (HRM),
PhD (Pharmacy Practice), PDoc (Medicine Management)
Email: fahaduob@gmail.com
Basic Terminology
Epidemiology
•Human population
•Application
History of Epidemiology
•How?
1. Elucidation of natural history of diseases
2. Description of health status of population
3. Establishing determinants of diseases
4. Evaluation of intervention effectiveness
Field Of Epidemiology
Clinical epidemiology
Geographical epidemiology
Social epidemiology
Statistical epidemiology
Descriptive epidemiology
Analytical epidemiology
Experimental epidemiology
Infectious diseases epidemiology etc.
Types of Epidemiology
1.Descriptive Epidemiology
2. Analytic Epidemiology
•Primary prevention
Targeted at healthy people (Objectives are Promotion of health,
Prevention of exposure and Prevention of disease).
•Secondary prevention
Targeted at sick individuals (Objective is to stop or slow the
progression of disease and to prevent or limit permanent damage
through early detection & treatment).
•Tertiary prevention
Targeted at people with chronic diseases & disabilities that can’t be
cured (Objective is to prevent further disability or death and to limit
impacts of disability through rehabilitation)
Comparison Between Clinical
Medicine And Epidemiology
S. Typhi Disease
Young Age,
more in males,
Polluted
Low immunity
water, open
power, Lack of
defecation
personal
hygiene
Dynamic Of Diseases
Transmission