Shift in responsibility
Divisional or
Strategists Functional
Managers
Management Perspectives
transisi dari perumusan ke penerapan strategi
membutuhkan peralihan tanggungjawab dari para
penyusun strategi kepada para manajer divisional dan
fungsional
persoalan penerapan ini bisa muncul karena peralihan
tanggung jawab ini, seperti adanya perbedaan
kepentingan dan keyakinan manajer karyawan
dibandingkan dengan strategi perusahaan
oleh karena itu, sangat penting bahwa para manajer
divisional dan fungsional dilibatkan dalam aktivitas
perumusan strategi. dan sama pentingnya dengan
dilibatkannya para penyusun strategi dalam aktivitas
penerapan strategi.
Management Issues Central to Strategy
Implementation
penetapan tujuan tahunan
pembuatan kebijakan
alokasi sumberdaya
pengurangan karyawan
CEO
Finance
Engineering Production Personnel Marketing
and
accounting
Divisional Structure
organisasi menghadapi lebih banyak kesulitan untuk
mengelola berbagai produk dan jasa di pasar yang
berbeda. beberapa bentuk divisional struktur menjadi
penting untuk memotivasi karyawan, mengendalikan
operasi, dan bersaing dengan baik di lokasi yang
berbeda-beda.
Struktur organisasi divisonal ini umumnya diterapkan di
perusahaan-perusahaan besar karena selain sudah
memiliki nama yang besar, juga jenis-jenis produk yang
harus dipasarkan tidak sedikit.
Hal tersebut menjadi alasan menggunakan struktur
divisional karena dirasa tepat dengan membagi menjadi
divisi-divisi yang masing-masingnya mempunyai tim
pemasaran hingga tim produksi sendiri.
Divisional Structure
Masing-masing divisi dapat beroperasi sendiri-sendiri
namun tetap dibawah pengarahan manajer yang
bertanggungjawab langsung kepada CEO
This approach is useful when decision-making should be
clustered at the division level to react more quickly to
local conditions.
Pada struktur organisasi divisional, manajer divisi dapat
mengembangkan strategi untuk setiap divisi-divisi yang
ada agar dapat menghadapi tantangan dalam dunia
persaingan karena mungkin setiap divisi mempunyai
permasalahan yang berbeda sehingga strategi yang
digunakan pun berbeda pula.
The advantages are:
Accountability. This approach makes it much easier to assign responsibility
for actions and results. In particular, a division is run by its own management
group, which looks out for the best interests of the division
Competition. The divisional structure works well in markets where there is a
great deal of competition, where local managers can quickly shift the
direction of their businesses to respond to changes in local conditions.
Culture. You can use this structure to create a culture at the divisional level
that most closely meets the needs of the local market. For example, a retail
division could have a culture specifically designed to increase the level of
service to customers.
Local decisions. The divisional structure allows decision-making to be
shifted downward in the organization, which may improve the company's
ability to respond to local market conditions.
Multiple offerings. When a company has a large number of product
offerings, or different markets that it services, and they are not similar, it
makes more sense to adopt the divisional structure.
Speed. This approach tends to yield faster responses to local market
conditions.
The disadvantages are:
Cost. When you set up a complete set of functions within each division,
there are likely to be more employees in total than would be the case if the
business had instead been organized under a purely functional structure.
Also, there must still be a corporate organization, which adds more overhead
cost to the business.
Economies of scale. The company as a whole may not be able to take
advantage of economies of scale, unless purchases are integrated across
the entire organization.
Inefficiencies. When there are a number of functional areas spread among
many divisions, no one functional area will be as efficient as would have
been the case if there had instead been one central organization for each
function.
Rivalries. The various divisions may have no incentive to work together, and
may even work at cross-purposes, as some managers undercut the actions
of other divisions in order to gain localized advantages.
Silos. All skills are compartmentalized by division, so it can be difficult to
transfer skills or best practices across the organization. It is also more
difficult to cross-sell products and services between the divisions.
Strategic focus. Each division will tend to have its own strategic direction,
which may differ from the strategic direction of the company as a whole.
Struktur Organisasi Divisi
CEO
Vice President, Vice President,
Adminstrative Services Operating Support
By product or service
By customer
By process