PEMBEBANAN DAN

TEGANGAN

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 LEARNING OUTCOMES

Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan :

 mahasiswa akan dapat menjelaskan jenis beban dan tegangan yang terjadi
pada perancangan elemen mesin

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OUTLINE MATERI
 Macam Beban
 Tegangan
 Tegangan Tarik & Tekan
 Tegangan Geser
 Tegangan lentur
 Torsi

 Faktor Keamanan

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BEBAN DAN TEGANGAN

 BEBAN (LOAD)
 REGANGAN (ELONGATION)
TEGANGAN (STRESS)
TEGANGAN TARIK (TENSILE STRESS)
TEGANGAN TEKAN (COMPRESSIVE STRESS)
TEGANGAN GESER (SHEAR STRESS)
TEGANGAN DUKUNG (BEARING STRESS)
TEGANGAN TEKUK (BENDING STRESS)

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 MACAM BEBAN DAN GAYA
 A Static Load : A good example of this is a
person seen on the left. He is holding a
stack of books on his back but he is not
moving. The force downwards is STATIC.

• A Dynamic Load : A good example of a

dynamic load is the person on the right. He
is carrying a weight of books but walking.
The force is moving or DYNAMIC.

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 BEBAN TARIK DAN TEKAN
 Tension : The rope is in “tension”
as the two people pull on it. This
stretching puts the rope in tension.

 Compression : The weight lifter

finds that his body is compressed by
the weights he is holding above his
head.

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 TEGANGAN

 Tegangan adalah: intensitas gaya dalam

material diuraikan tegak lurus dan sejajar
dengan irisan permukaan yg di amati.

 Gaya yg tegak permukaan lurus disebut

Tegangan Normal atau Tegangan Tarik.

F
  lim
A
 Gaya yg sejajar permukaan lurus disebut
Tegangan Geser. V
  lim
A
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 TEGANGAN TARIK
 Tegangan x Luas permukaan = Gaya
 Gaya yg terbentuk harus setimbang

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TEGANGAN GESER

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 TEKANAN “BEARING”.
Tekanan Bearing Pada suatu “PIN”:

P
fb 
l. d

P = Beban yang bekerja pada pin

l = Panjang pin yang kontak p
d = Diameter dari pin.

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 TEGANGAN KRITIS
 Irisan Kritis (Tegangan paling besar pada penampang
paling kecil

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HASIL UJI TARIK

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REGANGAN-MODULUS ELASTISITAS

REGANGAN
 Deformasi per unit panjang

e = L/L

MODULUS ELASTISITAS.
• Didasarkan pada Hukum HOOK, jika material
dibebani pada batas elastisitas, Tekanan proporsional
terhadap tegangan.
f P. l
E 
e A. l 13
 SAFETY FACTOR

• It is defined, in general, as the ratio of the maximum stress to the

working stress, mathematically,

Max stress
FS 
Working or design stress

• In case of ductile materials, the factor of safety is based upon the

yield stress. In case of brittle is based on ultimate stress.

• The selection of proper FS to be used in designing machine

components depends upon a number of consideration, such as: the
materials, mode of manufacture, types of stress, general service
conditions and shape of the parts.
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 PENUTUP

• Tegangan merupakan besaran penting dalam

perancangan kekuatan
• Kekuatan suatu rancangan diperhitungkan
dengan membandingkan antara tegangan kritis
yang terjadi dalam rancangan dan tegangan
yang diperbolehkan bekerja dalam bahan
(tegangan ijin bahan dibagi angka keamanan)

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