Millennium Development Goal 4

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 Introduction
• Target: Reduce under-five mortality rate
(U5MR) by 2/3, between 1990 – 2015.
• Child mortality is an important measure of
child wellbeing – reflects child’s health and
nutritional status, coverage of interventions
promoting child survival and the quality of
care received by women before, during and
after pregnancy.

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- In 2012, most states had U5MR below 10 per 1,000 live births.
- As for Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) in 2012, all states <10 per
1,000 live births (majority < 8 per 1,000 live births).

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Source: Malaysia, Department of Statistics, Vital Statistics

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• Place of death is an indication of whether
medical care had been sought for and
provided for the child’s illnesses before death.

Malaysia, Ministry of Health, Family Health Development Division, 2014.

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Child mortality among vulnerable groups:-
• Indigenous communities such as the Orang Asli
in Peninsular Malaysia and Orang Asal of
Sabah and Sarawak
• Urban poor
• Children who are undocumented, stateless
and refugees whose access to healthcare is
often severely compromised.
(As for immunisation, the coverage of Orang Asli children with MMR vaccine has
reached 94.9% as of 2012.)

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 Factors behind Malaysia’s child mortality
trends
• Government’s commitment
• Contribution of sociocultural determinants of
child health
• Maternal and child health services
• Expanding the scope of MCH services
• Responding to needs of indigenous and
vulnerable children
• Ensuring adequate and reliable information

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 Remaining Issues
• Addressing perinatal and neonatal mortality
• Improving the quality of reporting of child
deaths
• Addressing the nonhealth determinants of child
health
• Ensuring optimal maternal health
• Addressing the needs of vulnerable children

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Summary and Conclusion!!!
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 Targets and Indicators
• In total there are 9 targets (from 3.1 to 3.9)
• The indicator (3.2) is involved in the role of Child
Health.
• Target 3.2 states that “By 2030, end preventable
deaths of newborns and children under 5 years of
age, with all countries aiming to reduce neonatal
mortality to at least as low as 12 per 1000 live
births and under-5 mortality to at least as low as 25
per 1000 live births

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• By 2030, we should:-
1. Eliminate preventable diseases as the cause of
child mortality
2. Give more focus on neonatal health
3. Reach the goals on reducing child mortality
4. Eliminate socioeconomic disparities
5. All children should get the proper immunization
according to the immunization schedule

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 Facts and Figures
• U5MR globally was 43 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2015 –
44% reduction since 2000. (U5MR remains high in sub-Saharan
Africa, with a rate of 84 deaths per 1,000 live births)
• Global neonatal mortality rate was 19 deaths per 1,000 live
births in 2015 – from 31 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2000.
(Highest in Central and Southern Asia and sub-Saharan Africa =
29 deaths per 1,000 live births)
• 17,000 fewer children die each day than in 1990, but more
than six million children still die before their 5th birthday each
year
• Since 2000, measles vaccines have averted nearly 15.6 million
deaths

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• Despite determined global progress, an increasing
proportion of child deaths are in sub-Saharan Africa and
Southern Asia. 4 out of 5 deaths of children under age
five occur in these regions.
• Children born into poverty are almost twice as likely to
die before the age of five as those from wealthier
families
• Children of educated mothers—even mothers with only
primary schooling—are more likely to survive than
children of mothers with no education

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Conclusion and Summary!!!

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 References
1. http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/pdf/Goal_4_fs.pdf
2. http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/2008highlevel/pdf/newsroom/G
oal%204%20FINAL.pdf
3. http://un.org.my/upload/undp_mdg_report_2015.pdf
4. http://www.who.int/topics/millennium_development_goals/child_m
ortality/en/
5. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/events/meetings/2015/un-
sustainable-development-summit/en/
6. http://www.who.int/topics/sustainable-development-
goals/targets/en/
7. http://un.org.my/preview/1302060438%C2%BBMalaysia_National_C
onsultations_on_the_Post-2015_Development_Agenda.aspx
8. http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/secretary-general/

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