Av¸‡bi msÁv, Drm,

†kªYxwebv̈m
 Av‡jvP¨ welq t
AvR‡Ki Av‡jvPbvq Avcbviv
wb‡gœv³ welq¸‡jv m¤ú‡K©
Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb -
 Av¸‡bi msÁv
 AwMœ cÖ¾¡jb bxwZ
 AwMœ wbe©vcb bxwZ
 AwMœ wbe©vcb c×wZ
 Av¸‡bi ‡kªYxweb¨vm
 `vn¨ e¯‘i †kªYxweb¨vm
 AwMœ wbe©vcb
gva¨g
 AwMœ wbe©vcY h‡š¿i
cÖKvi‡f`
 Av¸‡bi we¯Ívi
 Av¸b jvMvi Drm
 AwMœ cÖwZ‡ivag~jK
 Av¸‡bi
msÁv/Av¸b
Kx?
Av¸b/`nY GK ai‡bi
ivmvqwbK wewµqv
ev wewµqvi
†kªYxweb¨vm hvi
gva¨‡g Av‡jv Ges
Zv‡ci m„wó nq|
myZivs hLb †Kvb
ivmvqwbK wewµqvi
d‡j Zvc I Av‡jvi
m„wó nq ZLb Zv‡K
 AwMœ cÖ¾¡jb bxwZ
(Av¸b wKfv‡e m„wó nq)
-
mvaviYZ wZbwU Dcv`vb Ges GKwU
ivmvqwbK wewµqvi mgš^‡q Av¸‡bi
m„wó nq| h_v- (1) `vn¨ e¯‘ (2)
Aw·‡Rb, (3) Zvc Ges (4) ivmvqwbK
wewµqvi Awew”Qbœ †hvMm~Î
(unbroken chain of reaction).hZ¶Y
ch©šÍ GB wZbwU Dcv`vb I ivmvqwbK
wewµqv weivRgvb _vK‡e ZZ¶Y ch©šÍ
Av¸b R¡j‡Z _vK‡e| `n‡bi GB bxwZ‡K
 Av¸‡bi
PZzf©yR
Zvc

`vn¨e¯‘ Aw·‡Rb

weiwZnxb wewµqv
 AwMœ wbe©vcb
bxwZ
(Av¸b wKfv‡e wb‡f)
(Principle
Avgiv Rvwb †h, Av¸b
of extinction)
jvMvi Rb¨ wZbwU
Dcv`vb I GKwU
wewµqvi cÖ‡qvRb
nq, myZivs †h †Kvb
GKwU Dcv`vb mwi‡q
wb‡j ev wewµqvq
euvavi m„wó Ki‡j
Av¸‡bi PZzf©~R †f‡½
hv‡e Ges Av¸b wb‡f
hv‡e| G‡KB ejv nq
 AwMœ
wbe©vcb c×wZt -
Kzwjs

Kzwjs- cvwb w`‡q Av¸b

wbfv‡bv
 ‡¯§v`vwi
s

‡¯§v`vwis c×wZ‡Z ‡Z‡ji

Av¸b wbe©vcb
÷vi‡fkb (`vn¨ e¯‘
AcmviY)
cqRwbs w`
d¬vg
 Av¸‡bi
‡kªYxweb¨vm t
`vn¨ e¯‘i Dci wbf©i K‡i
Av¸b‡K Pvi †kªYx‡Z fvM
Kiv n‡q‡Q| h_vt -
 KwVb c`v‡_©i Av¸b
 Zij c`v‡_©i Av¸b
 M¨v‡mi Av¸b
 avZe c`v‡_©i Av¸b
 `vn¨ e¯‘i
†kªYxweb¨vmt -
 mnR `vn¨ e¯‘|
 Av‡cw¶K mnR `vn¨
e¯‘
 KwVb `vn¨ e¯‘
AwMœ
wbe©vcb gva¨gt
cvwb, †dvg, myK‡bv evwj,
QvB, AwMœ wbe©vcb
hš¿ BZ¨vw`|
 ‡cv‡U©‡ej dvqvi
G·wUs¸Bmvi-
WªvBcvDWvi/WªvBK¨vwg‡K
j cvDWvi
†cv‡U©ej AwMœwbe©vcK hš¿
Kve©b WvB A·mvBW (Co2)
 ‡dvg UvBc AwMœ
wbe©vcY hš¿
 IqvUvi UvBc AwMœ
wbe©vcY hš¿
 Av¸‡bi we¯Ívi
t
Av¸b †QvU _vK‡Z
wbfv‡Z bv cvi‡j Zv `ªyZ
we¯Zvi jvf K‡i| wb‡gœv³
wZb c×wZ‡Z Av¸b
we¯Zvi jvf K‡i _v‡K t
 cwienY
 cwiPjb
 Zvc wewKiY
 Av¸b jvMvi
Drm
 R¡jšÍ Pzjv
 R¡j¯Í wmMv‡iU
 R¡jšÍ g¨v‡Pi KvwV
 ‡Lvjv evwZ
 ê`y¨wZK kU© mvwK©U
 nU Wv÷ I nU g¨vU¨vwiqvj
 †Q‡j †g‡q‡`i AvMyb wb‡q
†Ljv Kiv
 ivmvqwbK
wewµqv
 Av¸‡bi ùzwj½
 ¯^ZtùzZ©©
AwMœ cÖ¾¡&jb
 Bwćbi wgm
dvqvi
 Wv÷ G·‡cøvkb
 evwR †cvov‡bv
 m~h© iwkœi
cÖwZdjb
 AwZwi³ Zvc
 cvM‡ji Av¸b
R¡vjv‡bvi Af¨vm
 m¨v‡ev‡UR
 Avm©b (AwMœ
 DËß QvB
 gkvi K‡qj
 R¡jšÍ Pzjvi Dci †fRv
jvKox I Kvco ïKv‡bv
 ê`y¨wZK Bw¯¿|
 †K‡ivwmb †÷vf|
 ivbœv N‡ii AveR©bv
 euvk ev Q‡bi Ẑwi
ivbœv Ni|
 gvÎvwZwi³ Zvc|
 jyR SzjšÍ ê`y¨wZK
Zvi|
 AwMœ
cÖwZ‡ivag~jK e¨e¯’v
AwMœ cÖwZ‡iva AwMœ
wbe©vc‡bi †P‡q DËg| ZvB
miKvix Awdm, wgj
d¨v±ixmn me©Î AwMœ
cÖwZ‡iv‡ai j‡¶¨ wb‡gœv³
e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kiv †kªq-
 ê`y¨wZK wdwUsm gv‡m AZ
 mKj hš¿cvwZ Avw_©s Gi e¨e¯’v
Ki‡Z n‡e|
 ivmvqwbK c`v_© Ges R¡vjvbx
c`v_© e¨env‡ii †¶‡Î AwfÁ †jvK
wb‡qvwRZ ivL‡Z n‡e|
 cÖwZôv‡b aygcvb m¤ú~Y©
wb‡la Ki‡Z n‡e A_ev aygcv‡bi
Rb¨ Avjv`v e¨e¯’v ivL‡Z n‡e|
 cÖwZôv‡bi mKj ¯’vb
AveR©bvgy³ ivL‡Z n‡e|
 AwMœ m‡PZbZvi Rb¨
cÖwk¶‡bi e¨e¯’v MÖnY Ki‡Z
 Avcbvi cÖwZôv‡b h‡_vchy³
AwMœ wbev©cY hš¿ gRy`
ivL‡Z n‡e, †m¸‡jv mwVK
i¶Yv‡e¶Y Ges cwiPvjbvi Rb¨
wbw`©ó cÖwkw¶Z AwfÁ †jvK
ivL‡Z n‡e | AwMœ wbev©cY
hš¿¸‡jv me mgq Kvh©¶g ivL‡Z
n‡e, hv‡Z Riyix Ae¯’vq A‡K‡Rv
bv nq|
 cÖwZôv‡b cÖPzi cvwb gRy`
ivLyb|
 Awdm/wgj d¨v±ix/
wkíKviLvbvq cÖwZ gv‡m
 Avcbvi cÖwZôv‡b K‡Vvi
wbivcËvg~jK e¨e¯’v MÖnY
Kiyb|
 AcÖ‡qvRbxq
WKzg¨v›U/KvMRcÎ GKUv
wbw`©ó †gqv` †k‡l cy‡o
†djyb|
 cÖwZ eQi wbqwgZ dvqvi
mvwf©m I wmwfj wW‡dÝ
wefv‡Mi AwfÁ Awdmvi Øviv
AwMœ wbe©vcb hš¿ cix¶v
Kwi‡q AvcUz‡WU ivLyb, hv‡Z
Av¸b jvM‡j †m¸‡jv AwMœ
 Riyix Ae¯’vq A_©vr †Kvb
AwMœ `~N©Ubv NU‡j
m~Pbv‡Z AwMœ
wbe©vcb h‡š¿i mvnv‡h¨
Zvi †gvKv‡ejv Kivi Rb¨
÷vd‡`i ga¨ †_‡K wbw`©ó
†jvK evQvB K‡i dvqvi
 Avcbvi cÖwZôv‡b
Av¸b jvM‡j
cÖ_‡g ê`y¨wZK ‡gBb
myBP eÜ Kiyb Ges
mv‡_ mv‡_ 102 ev
9555555 bv¤^v‡i
dvqvi mvwf©m I
wmwfj wW‡dÝ
K‡›Uªvj iy‡g Av¸‡bi
msev` w`b Ges
wbR¯^ AwMœ
wbe©vcb wU‡gi dvqvi mvwf©m
m`m¨‡`i Øviv †QvU wbqš¿Y K¶
Ae¯’vq Av¸b
wbfv‡bvi †Póv Kiyb|
 Av¸b jvM‡j wbivcËv Kg©x
(hviv Av¸b wbfv‡Z cv‡i) eZ̈xZ
mKj †jvK‡K cÖ_‡g Awdm †_‡K
AcmviY Ki‡Z n‡e| m¤ú~Y©
†jvK Acmvi‡bi ci wbivcËv
Kg©xMY ‡ei n‡e| ‡jvK
Acmvi‡bi mgq mveavbZv
Aej¤^b Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z c` `wjZ
n‡q †jvK nZvnZ bv nq| Av‡¯Í
Av‡¯Í k„•Ljve×fv‡e ‡ei n‡Z
 Riyix Ae¯’vq ‡jvK Acmvi‡bi
Rb¨AekB̈ Bgvi‡RÝx GKwRU
ivL‡Z n‡e, hv‡Z †m c_ w`‡q
k„•Ljve×fv‡e †jvK
Abvqv‡m ‡ei n‡q ‡h‡Z cv‡i|
 Mv‡qi Kvc‡o Av¸b jvM‡j ‡`Šov‡`Šwo bv
K‡i gvwU‡Z MovMwo w`b|
 Pzjvi Dci †fRv jvKix ev Kvco myLv‡Z
†`‡eb bv|
 ivbœv †k‡l Mv̈‡mi Pzjv wbwðZfv‡e
wbwf‡q †djyb|
 A‡bK mgq Mv̈‡mi Pzjv wbfv‡bvi ciI
Mv̈m jxK Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges ivbœv Ni
Mv̈‡m f‡i †h‡Z cv‡i| d‡j ciw`b mKv‡j
Pzjv R¡vjv‡Z wM‡q we‡ùviY NU‡Z cv‡i|
G Rb¨ Mv̈‡mi Pzjv gv‡S gv‡SB cix¶v
 
cybiv‡jvP
bvt
AvR‡Ki Av‡jvPbv †k‡l Avcbviv
wb‡gœv³ welq¸‡jv m¤ú‡K©
Rvb‡Z cvi‡jb-
 Av¸‡bi msÁv
 AwMœ cÖ¾¡jb bxwZ
 AwMœ wbe©vcb bxwZ
 AwMœ wbe©vcb c×wZ
 Av¸‡bi ‡kªYxwebv̈m
 `vn¨e¯‘i
†kªYxwebv̈m
 AwMœ wbe©vcb
gvag̈
 AwMœ wbe©vcY
h‡š¿i cÖKvi‡f`
 Av¸‡bi we¯Ívi
 Av¸b jvMvi Drm
cÖkœ
?
abëv`