CPE603 – PROCESS MODELLING

& SIMULATION

WEEK 1
CPE603 - Course Content
 IMPORTANT NOTICE 4
҉ ALWAYS check your i-learn
҉ Announcements will be made from time to
time for:
1) Assignment and tests

2) Quizes
 WEEK 1 – We will be covered:
1.0 Introduction to Process Dynamics
CLO1 Understand the importance of process dynamics to
industrial applications.
CLO2 Explain the categories of applications of process
modelling techniques to various stages of design.
2.0 Fundamental Laws of Dynamic Mathematical Models
CLO1 Recall the difference between Total Continuity Equation
(TCE) and Component Continuity Equation (CCE).
CLO2 Apply TCE & CCE on mass balance of simple chemical
process.
CLO3 Apply TCE & CCE on mass balance for constant and
variable holdups and
CLO4 Apply product rules to simplify developed equations.
 CHAPTER 1

҉ Introduction to Process Dynamics

1.1 Use of Mathematical Modelling for various
purposes.
1.2 Principles of formulation
 1.1 Use of Mathematical Models

҉ Mathematical models are useful in chemical

engineering in the following areas:
A) Research and development
B) Design stage
C) Plant operations, and
C) Business in economic studies
 A. Research and development

҉ Determining chemical kinetics mechanisms and

parameters from laboratory and/or pilot plant
reaction data.
҉ Exploring the effects of different operating
conditions for optimization and control studies.
҉ Aiding in scale-up calculations.
 B. Design stage
҉ Exploration the sizing and arrangement of
processing equipment for dynamics
performance.
҉ The study of interactions of various parts of
the process, particularly when the materials
recycle or heat integration is used.
҉ Evaluation of alternative process and control
structures and strategies.
҉ Simulating start-up, shutdown and emergency
situation and procedures.
 C. Plant operation

҉ Troubleshooting control and processing

problems.
҉ Aiding in start-up and operator training.

҉ Studying the effects of and the requirements

for expansion of projects
҉ Optimizing plant operation
 1.2 Principles of Formulation

҉ Basis
– The bases for mathematical models are the
fundamental physics and chemical laws such as
laws of conservation of mass, energy and
momentum.
҉ Assumptions
– Types of valid assumptions that can be made of a
process – difficult task.
– Too details : results in a tedious model and take a
long time to solve.
҉ Mathematical consistency of Model
– Number of variables equals the number of
equations
– DOF must be zero to obtain a solution
҉ Solution of the model equations
– Available solution techniques and tools must be
kept in mind as a mathematical model is
developed
҉ Verification
– Important part but often being neglected: proving
the model describes the real world.
– Design stage – this cannot be done but usually
data from pilot plant or similar plant study could
be used.
 Conclusion

҉ Itis usually cheaper, safer and faster to

conduct the studies on a mathematical model
rather than experimentally on an operating
unit.
END OF LECTURE